1,720,977 research outputs found
When and Why Do Liberals and Conservatives Think Alike?: An Investigation into Need for Cognitive Closure, the Binding Moral Foundations, and Political Perception
No full textResearch on moral foundations theory has found that liberals typically favor the individualizing foundations (i.e., concern for the individual) but typically oppose the binding foundations (i.e., concern for the group). We propose that need for cognitive closure (NFC) can explain when liberals will favor the binding foundations. In two studies, we found that liberals in Italy and the United States were more likely to endorse the binding foundations when they had high NFC. Overall, these results suggest that researchers should strive to understand the interaction between individuals' epistemic goals and their political orientations in order to accurately predict how they will perceive political issues
Need for closure and reactions to innovation
No full textAlthough prior research on need for closure (NFC) has shown that it can lead individuals to dislike change, the mechanisms underlying that dislike were unclear. The current studies extend previous findings by investigating a mediating mechanism that may explain high NFC individuals’ dislike of change. In two studies using Italian (N = 852) and American (N = 94) samples, we hypothesized that high NFC individuals would have lower intentions to use new technological developments, and that this relationship would be mediated by anxiety about the new technology. We found partial support for our hypotheses. This research advances the literature on NFC by demonstrating that it can have an influence in domains in which it has not previously been tested
Different strokes for different folks: effects of regulatory mode complementarity and task complexity on performance
No full textWeexamine howtask features interactwith individuals' regulatorymodes in determining performance. Effective
goal pursuit normally occurs when high locomotion (the regulatory mode concerned with motion from state to
state) and high assessment (the regulatorymode concerned with critical evaluation) work together (Kruglanski
et al., 2000). However, there may be situations inwhich this high–high combination is unnecessary or even detrimental
to good performance. We hypothesized that on simple tasks, high locomotion and low assessment
should lead to the best performance; on complex tasks, however, high locomotion and high assessment should
lead to the best performance.We tested these hypotheses in two empirical studies, one carried out in an organizational
setting, the other in the lab. In the first study,wemeasured individuals' locomotion and assessment tendencies,
asked them to rate the complexity of their daily work tasks, and obtained measures of their job
performance from their supervisors. In the second study, we measured individuals' locomotion and assessment
tendencies, manipulated the task complexity of an inbox task they had to complete, and measured their performance
on that task. Both studies provided support for our hypotheses. These results offer important insights regarding
the effects of regulatory mode on performance
All about cognitive consistency. A reply to commentaries
No full textA unique advantage of Psychological Inquiry’s format is that it encourages a free exchange of ideas allowing authors to “drill down” on points of disagreement and clarify possible misunderstandings. This is particularly helpful where an article asks its readers, as we do here, to revisit fundamental assumptions and reconsider widely accepted views. We are delighted at the opportunity to address the commentaries on our target article and explore the issues that they raise.
Responses to our article differed appreciably in both attitude and substance. We were thrilled by commentators’ ideas that independently converged on our notions, were intrigued by the assimilation of our insights to other concerns, and welcomed the chance to respond to our critics. The reply that follows is organized by the major issues that the commentators raised and that illuminate fundamental facets of the cognitive consistency conundru
Practice benefits locomotors: regulatory mode complementarity and task performance
No full textLocomotion is the self-regulatory aspect concerned with movement from state to state, whereas assessment is the self-regulatory
aspect concerned with critical evaluation of options. Successful goal pursuit usually requires that both locomotion and assessment
work together; however, there may be situations in which such complementarity is unnecessary for optimal performance. In this
article, we aim to shed light on the circumstances in which locomotion and assessment complementarity are necessary for
adequate performance. In a two-part study, we find that high locomotion alone is sufficient to ensure optimal performance on
simple tasks. On complex tasks, however, both high locomotion and high assessment are necessary for optimal performance. We
also find that after individuals have had practice on a task, high locomotors are again the best performers, regardless of whether
the task is simple or complex. These findings have implications for work performance and goal pursuit more generally
The rocky road from attitudes to behaviors. Charting the goal systemic course of actions
No full textThe issue of attitude-behavior relations is revisited in light of recent work on motivation and the psychology of goals. It is suggested that for object-attitudes to drive a specific behavior, a chain of contingencies must be realized: Liking must be transmuted into wanting, wanting must evolve into a goal, the goal must be momentarily dominant, and the specific behavior must be chosen as means of goal pursuit. Our model thus specifies a set of mediating processes that transpire between attitudes and behavior. Prior theories of attitude-behavior relations are examined from the present perspective, and its conceptual and empirical implications are noted
Assessment and locomotion conjunction. How looking complements leaping ... but not always
No full textLocomotion mode is the aspect of self-regulation that is concerned with initiating goal-related movement and maintaining it without interruption in order to effect change, whereas assessment mode is the aspect of self-regulation that is concerned with critical evaluation of alternative goals and means in order to make the right choices. We propose that the separate functions of assessment and locomotion are both essential to effective action in different systems and domains: assessment leads individuals, dyads, and groups to reflect thoroughly on the right course of action, whereas locomotion effects change as such by its emphasis on taking action. Typically, the union of assessment and locomotion (i.e., their copresence) benefits task performance. However, when tasks are not complex, the assessment function is less essential and locomotion alone suffices to carry the action to success. We discuss the practical implications of these research findings and consider potential avenues for future research
Who’s most likely to get stressed and leave the company? Effects of regulatory mode on work stress and turnover intentions.
No full textRegulatory mode theory (Kruglanski et al., 2000) posits the existence of two independent regulatory mode orientations: locomotion and assessment. Locomotion reflects the tendency to move from one state to another, whereas assessment reflects the tendency to evaluate means and goals in an attempt to choose the best possible option. Past research has sought to identify the relationship between regulatory mode and well-being, however it has not been fully disclosed. To our knowledge, the present work is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between locomotion, assessment, and two important organizational outcomes: work stress and turnover intentions. We recruited employees from 24 Italian organizations, and obtained their individual scores on: the Regulatory Mode Scale (Kruglanski et al., 2000); ratings of work stress, and turnover intentions. Two separate moderated multiple regression analyses were run to test the main effects and the interactions of regulatory mode on the two outcome measures. In line with our predictions, the results revealed that assessment was positively associated with both work stress and turnover intentions, while locomotion was negatively associated with those variables. Using a mediated moderation analysis, we also found that the combination of high assessment and low locomotion was the best predictor of turnover intentions, and this relationship was mediated by work stress. We discuss implications, limitations, and future directions for these findings
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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