18 research outputs found
Gc/ms analysis, in vitro antisalmonellal activity and mechanism of action ethanol leaves extract of dissotis thollonii cogn. (melastomataceae) against some pathogenic salmonella sp.
No full textBackground: Salmonella spp, which is a group of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Cameroon as well as in many part of the world, plants are used for the treatment of various diseases such as typhoid fever. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro anti-salmonella activity and the mechanisms of action of the ethanol extract of Dissotis thollonii against some Salmonella sp. Methods: The microdilution technique was used to determine MIC and MBC whereas gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify some components of the ethanol extract. The antibacterial mechanism of this extract on Salmonella Typhi (ATCC 6539) was systematically investigated by examining its effect on macromolecules (DNA, RNA, protein) synthesis, the time kill assay and bacteriolysis assay. Results: The ethanol extract of Dissotis thollonii showed MICs ranging from 64 to 256 μg/mL. This extract induced lysis of S. Typhi ATCC6539 and the time-kill assay revealed a reduction of about 4log10 of the total number of CFU ml-1. Additionally, the quantity of bacterial protein, DNA and RNA decreased significantly after treatment with this extract. GC/MS revealed the presence of 7 compounds, identified using NIST library. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the antisalmonellal potential of ethanolic extract of D. thollonii is mainly caused by inhibition of bacterial macromolecule synthesis (DNA, RNA and protein)
Gc/ms analysis, in vitro antisalmonellal activity and mechanism of action ethanol leaves extract of dissotis thollonii cogn. (melastomataceae) against some pathogenic salmonella sp.
No full textBackground: Salmonella spp, which is a group of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Cameroon as well as in many part of the world, plants are used for the treatment of various diseases such as typhoid fever. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro anti-salmonella activity and the mechanisms of action of the ethanol extract of Dissotis thollonii against some Salmonella sp.Methods: The microdilution technique was used to determine MIC and MBC whereas gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify some components of the ethanol extract. The antibacterial mechanism of this extract on Salmonella Typhi (ATCC 6539) was systematically investigated by examining its effect on macromolecules (DNA, RNA, protein) synthesis, the time kill assay and bacteriolysis assay.Results: The ethanol extract of Dissotis thollonii showed MICs ranging from 64 to 256 μg/mL. This extract induced lysis of S. Typhi ATCC6539 and the time-kill assay revealed a reduction of about 4log10 of the total number of CFU ml-1. Additionally, the quantity of bacterial protein, DNA and RNA decreased significantly after treatment with this extract. GC/MS revealed the presence of 7 compounds, identified using NIST library.Conclusion: The results of this study show that the antisalmonellal potential of ethanolic extract of D. thollonii is mainly caused by inhibition of bacterial macromolecule synthesis (DNA, RNA and protein)
Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection among Febrile Patients in Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon): A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground. Malaria and typhoid fever remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. It is common today to see patients being concurrently infected or treated for the two diseases. Objective. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever, and their coinfection among febrile patients at Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital, Adamawa, Cameroon. Methodology. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 208 febrile patients coming for medical consultation at Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital and suspected for malaria and/or typhoid fever from September to November 2019. After receiving the consent of each patient, clinical and sociodemographic information were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Thereafter, blood samples were collected and subjected to (i) blood film examination for malaria detection and (ii) qualitative and semiquantitative Widal assay for typhoid fever detection. Results. Plasmodium falciparum was the only species identified, and the prevalence of malaria was 50.0% (n=104). The seroprevalence of typhoid fever was 64.3% (n=133). The malaria and typhoid fever coinfection was 30.3% (n=63). The coinfection between S. paratyphi (A, B, and C) and malaria was also observed with the prevalence ranging from 32.2 to 63.9%. Female group and children from 2 to 10 years old were the most affected groups by the two infectious agents. Conclusion. Typhoid fever and malaria were more prevalent in Ngaoundéré City, particularly in children and women. Further studies should be done on the risk factors of malaria and typhoid fever coinfection in different study areas
Entraves A L’usage Des Contraceptifs Modernes Dans Un Environnment Pronataliste, Cas Du Territoire De Basankusu En Rd Congo
No full textIn the Basankusu community, strongly pronatalist social norms hinder the adoption of modern contraceptive methods. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 769 women aged 15 to 49 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis combined descriptive tests and binary logistic regression to identify the determinants of contraceptive use. It appears that there is a significant difference between the respondents\u27 level of education and the effect of having used the contraceptive method (X2 = 13.255a, df = 3, p = 0.0004, or <0.05). However, there is no statistical relationship between the benefit of family planning and the partner\u27s opinion (X2 = 1.050a, df = 2, p = 0.592). However, the difference is highly significant between contraceptive acceptance and the obstacles encountered (X2 = 65.306a dll = 12 p = 0.000). The results indicate that the difference is also highly significant between access to family planning services and the distance to reach the health center; and between marital status and the status of women with many children, respectively (X2 = 45.061a dll = 8 p = 0.000 and X2 = 42.614 dll = 12 p = 0.000). The results confirm the determining influence of the sociocultural and marital context on reproductive health behavior. Education must therefore be adapted to the culture. Contraceptive use in Basankusu remains hampered by sociocultural factors. Health education must be adapted to the culture.Dans la communauté de Basankusu, les normes sociales fortement pronatalistes freinent l’adoption des méthodes contraceptives modernes. Une enquête transversale a été menée auprès de 769 femmes âgées de 15 à 49 ans, les données ont été collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire structurée. L’analyse statistique a combinée des tests descriptifs et une régression logistique binaire pour identifier les déterminants de l’utilisation des contraceptifs.
il ressort que la différence est significative entre le niveau d’études des enquêtées et l’effet d’avoir utilisé la méthode contraceptive (X2=13,255a, ddl=3 p=0,0004 soit <0,05). Par contre, il n’existe aucune relation statistique entre l’avantage du planning familial et l’avis du partenaire, (X2=1,050a dll=2 p=0,592). La différence est par contre très significative entre l’acceptation de contraceptives et les obstacles rencontrés (X2 =65,306a dll=12 p=0,000). Les résultats indiquent que la différence s’observe aussi très significativement entre l’accès aux services de planning familial et la distance à effectuer avant d’atteindre le centre de santé ; entre le statut marital et le statut des femmes avec beaucoup d’enfants respectivement (X2= 45,061a dll=8 p=0,000 et X2=42,614 dll=12 p=0,000). Les résultats confirment l’influence déterminante du contexte socioculturel et conjugal sur le comportement en matière de santé de reproduction. L’éducation doit s’adapté donc à la culture.
l’utilisation des contraceptifs à Basankusu reste freinée par les facteurs socio culturels. L’éducation à la santé doit s’adapté à la culture
Facteurs Socio-Culturels Et Contextuels Freinant L’usage Des Contraceptifs Modernes Dans Le Territoire Pronataliste De Basankusu, Republique Democratique Du Congo : Modèle Amélioré Et Axes Stratégiques D’accès.
No full textIn a context of rapid population growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the use of modern contraceptives remains low, particularly in rural and culturally pronatalist areas such as the Basankusu territory. Despite efforts by the government and technical partners to promote family planning, deep resistance persists. This study aims to analyze the sociocultural and contextual factors that hinder the adoption of modern contraceptive methods in this territory, where large families are socially valued (Bongaarts, 2017; UNFPA, 2021). A mixed-method approach was adopted. Quantitatively, a sample of 384 women aged 15 to 49 was selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Qualitatively, semi-structured interviews were conducted with religious leaders, healthcare providers, husbands, and wives, supplemented by focus groups, to better understand the underlying social and cultural dynamics. The results reveal that the major barriers to contraceptive use include cultural norms valuing large families, social pressure from spouses and elders, misinformation about side effects, and the influence of certain religious doctrines (Cleland et al., 2012; D’Angelo et al., 2020). Furthermore, the lack of appropriate communication and low confidentiality in health centers deter women from using contraceptives. Multivariate statistical analyses confirmed that education level, women\u27s decision-making autonomy, and access to information were significantly associated with modern contraceptive use (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of adopting family planning strategies that are sensitive to local cultural realities. It recommends an inclusive community approach, couples education, cultural training for providers, and advocacy with religious leaders to strengthen the social acceptability of contraception (WHO, 2019). These measures would improve access to reproductive health services in a context heavily influenced by traditions.Dans un contexte de forte croissance démographique en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), l’usage des contraceptifs modernes reste faible, particulièrement dans les zones rurales et culturellement pronatalistes telles que le territoire de Basankusu. Malgré les efforts du gouvernement et des partenaires techniques pour promouvoir la planification familiale, des résistances profondes subsistent. Cette étude vise à analyser les facteurs socio-culturels et contextuels qui freinent l’adoption des méthodes contraceptives modernes dans ce territoire, où la maternité nombreuse est socialement valorisée (Bongaarts, 2017 ; ONUFPA, 2021). Une approche méthodologique mixte a été adoptée. Sur le plan quantitatif, un échantillon de 384 femmes âgées de 15 à 49 ans a été sélectionné selon un échantillonnage aléatoire stratifié. Les données ont été recueillies via des questionnaires structurés. Sur le plan qualitatif, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés avec des leaders religieux, des prestataires de santé, des maris et des femmes, complétés par des focus groups, afin de mieux saisir les dynamiques sociales et culturelles sous-jacentes. Les résultats révèlent que les freins majeurs à l’utilisation des contraceptifs incluent : les normes culturelles valorisant les familles nombreuses, la pression sociale exercée par les conjoints et les aînés, la désinformation sur les effets secondaires, ainsi que l’influence de certaines doctrines religieuses (Cleland et al., 2012 ; D’Angelo et al., 2020). Par ailleurs, l’absence de communication adaptée et la faible confidentialité dans les centres de santé dissuadent les femmes d’y recourir. Les analyses statistiques multivariées ont confirmé que le niveau d’instruction, l’autonomie décisionnelle des femmes et l’accès à l’information étaient significativement associés à l’usage des contraceptifs modernes (p < 0.05). En conclusion, cette étude met en évidence l’importance d’adopter des stratégies de planification familiale sensibles aux réalités culturelles locales, citons le modèle cartésien de Boyoo JF.(2025). Elle recommande une approche communautaire inclusive, l’éducation des couples, la formation culturelle des prestataires et un plaidoyer auprès des leaders religieux pour renforcer l’acceptabilité sociale de la contraception (WHO, 2019). Ces mesures permettraient d’améliorer l\u27accès aux services de santé reproductive dans un contexte fortement influencé par les traditions
In vivo anti-salmonella activity of aqueous extract of Euphorbia prostrata Aiton (Euphorbiaceae) and its toxicological evaluation
No full textABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the in vivo anti-salmonella activity and the safety of aqueous extract of Euphorbia prostratra (E. prostratra), a plant commonly used in Cameroon by traditional healers.MethodsA Salmonella typhimurium-infected rat model was used for the study. The physiological, biochemical and histopathological markers of possible side effects of this extract were studied using standard methods.ResultsThe extract had a significant effect on the number of viable Salmonella typhimurium recovered from faeces, and could stop salmonellosis after 8 and 10 days of treatment for male and female rats, respectively, with non-toxic doses. However, the biochemical and histopathological analyses revealed that at relatively high doses (≥ 73.48 mg/kg for female and ≥ 122.71 mg/kg for male) the extract could induce liver damage, as illustrated by a rise of serum transaminases’ levels and significant inflammation of the parenchyma and portal vein. Side effects were also observed on the kidneys, as shown by both serum and urinary creatinine, and urinary proteins.ConclusionsThe overall results indicate that the aqueous extract of E. prostrata has the potential to provide an effective treatment for salmonellosis, including typhoid fever. However, it is necessary to extrapolate these results in large animals, in further studies
Antibacterial activities and toxicological study of the aqueous extract from leaves of Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae)
No full textAntibacterial activities and toxicological study of the aqueous extract from leaves of Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae)
No full textAbstract Background A. cordifolia is a plant widely used in Africa to solve many health problems. In Cameroon, it is used in the treatment of urogenital infections. As a continuation of our search for pharmacologically active agents from natural sources, the antimicrobial activity of A. cordifolia leaf extracts against E. coli and the toxicity of this extract were investigated. Methods The antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract from leaves of Alchornea cordifolia was carried out in vitro on Escherichia coli, as well as in vivo on E. coli-infected rat model. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods. The acute toxicity was investigated in mice, while at the end of treatment of infected rats, some biochemical, hematological and histological markers of toxicity were evaluated. Results The extract exhibited a bacteriostatic activity with MIC value of 1500 μg/ml. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, triterpens, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, saponins and coumarins in the extract. The acute toxicity study showed LD50 values of 8.6 g/kg and 3.8 g/kg in male and female mice respectively. In vivo, the oral administration of the extract showed a dose-dependent decrease of the bacterial load as the extract at 232, 112 and 58 g/kg were able to eradicate the infection after 9, 11 and 13 days of treatment. The infected rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of serum creatinine, ALAT, white blood cells, and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of food and water intake, the relative weight of lungs, heart and spleen. In the treated rats, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in food and water intake and ALAT was observed at the doses of 116 and 232 mg/kg. A decrease in the red blood cells count and serum protein levels was also observed. These observations corroborate liver damages as revealed by the histopathological examination of the cross sections of this organ. Conclusion The results of this assay thus showed that the extract of A. cordifolia is bacteriostatic, therapeutic at 58 g/kg bw and may be considered as slightly and almost non-toxic on females and males mice respectively
Chemical constituent, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of crude extract and oil fraction of L. abyssinica
No full textThe antibacterial and antioxidant activities of CH3Cl/MeOH crude extract and a nonpolar fraction from the CHCl3 phase of Ludwigia abyssinica were investigated using broth dilution method and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay respectively. Chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using Agilent Technologies 7890A GC system-Agilent Technologies 5975C inert XL EI/CI MSD. Bioassays show that L. abyssinica is active on the different test organisms with the MIC ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml for the crude extract and 0.2 to 0.5 mg/ml for the non polar oil fraction. The oil extract of L. abyssinica exhibited a good antioxidant activity with radical scavenging activity (IC50) = 89.18 µg/ml which is about 1.5 times the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid used as control, while that of crude extract was 413.74 µg/ml. From the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses, 12 hydrocarbons were identified with octadecane (5.67%), pentadecane (6.87%) and squalene (57.18%) the major components. These results offer a plat form of using L. abyssinica for alternative and complementary medicine
Epidemiology and Performances of Typhidot Immunoassay and Widal Slide Agglutination in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Febrile Patients in Bafoussam City, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
No full textBackground. Enteric fever is a great public health problem associated with significant illness and death in many endemic countries, and its clinical diagnosis is still daunting. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S. Typhi among febrile patients in Bafoussam and to evaluate the diagnostic performances of Widal and Typhidot tests. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study among 336 participants visiting three hospitals in Bafoussam from August 1, 2021, to November 31, 2021. Widal test, Typhidot assay, and stool culture were used to screen for salmonellosis with the help of a structured questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi was found to be 62.85% and 37.14%, respectively. The overall prevalence of typhoid fever using stool culture was 20.86%. The significant risk factors associated with enteric fever were lack or insufficient knowledge of typhoid fever, poor hand hygiene, and anorexia. Typhidot immunoassay was more sensitive (100%) and specific (82.3%) than the Widal test. Both were analytically inferior to stool culture. Conclusions. High prevalence of typhoid fever (20.86%) was observed which was largely associated with lack or insufficient knowledge of typhoid fever, poor hygiene measure, and anorexia as risk factors. The performances of the Widal and Typhidot test against a stool culture were inferior but with Typhidot better than the Widal slide agglutination
