1,721,014 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Analysis, classification and characterization of natural resins using liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry
No full textL’analyse et la classification de 31 résines végétales par différentes méthodes analytiques (HPTLC, CPL-UV, CPL-DEDL, CPL-SM, CPG-SM et RMN) a été réalisée dans un but d’établir un lien de parenté entre l’identité chimique d’une résine et son appartenance botanique. Les résines naturelles étant riches en dérivés triterpéniques une étude de leur détection par spectrométrie de masse (SM) a été menée montrant l’intérêt de l’ionisation douce pour cette famille moléculaire et l’avantage des sources APCI et APPI pour une détection sensible en LC-MS e ces composés. Ces métabolites secondaires peu polaires et très riches en isomères, ont nécessité la mise au point des méthodes d’extraction et de séparation efficace pour permettre l’amélioration de leur rendement d’extraction et faciliter leur identification dans leur milieu naturel. Trois dérivés triterpéniques ont été identifiés pour la première fois dans l’une des résines étudiées (Manilkara bidentata) et leur activité biologique a été testée sur des cellules de peau humaine en culture.The aim of this research was to analyze and classify 31 natural resins using different analytical tools (HPTLC, LC-UV, LC-ELSD, LC-MS, GC-MS and NMR) in order to verify the link between the chemical composition of resins and their botanic belongs. Natural resins are mostly composed from triterpens that is the reason why development of sensitive liquid chromatography method hyphenated to mass spectrometry detection was necessary. APPI and APCI were proved to be the most adequate sources of ionization for triterpens mass spectrometry analysis. Triterpens have low polarity index and contain number of isomers making their extraction and separation difficult in liquid chromatography. To improve their extraction and separation in their natural matrix, different parameters were considered. Finally, three triterpens derivatives were described for the first time in Manilkara bidentata resin and their bio-activity was tested on human skin cells cultures
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Identification and monitoring by mass spectrometry of compounds involved in the defense of grapevine leaves characterized by their resistance level to downy-mildew
No full textLe mildiou de la vigne, causé par le pathogène Plasmopara viticola, est une maladie cryptogamique pouvant causer de sérieux dégâts sur les récoltes. Pour éviter ces pertes, il est nécessaire de recourir à des produits phytosanitaires. Outre leur coût financier, les questions sur la santé des viticulteurs et des populations vivant à proximité des vignobles, ainsi que la protection de l’environnement ne peuvent être ignorées. Cependant, toutes les variétés de vigne ne présentent pas la même sensibilité au pathogène. En effet, bien qu’elles soient moins appréciées pour leurs qualités organoleptiques, les variétés américaines sont résistantes à cette maladie. Les combiner par croisement variétal avec des espèces européennes peut constituer une alternative viable aux traitements antifongiques. Cependant, pour piloter effacement ces problèmes de sélection variétal, il est nécessaire de mieux appréhender la relation « hôte-pathogène ». C’est dans ce but que l’analyse par spectrométrie de masse a été employée sous différents aspectsDowny mildew, caused by the Plasmopara viticola pathogen, is a fungal disease which can induce serious harvest damages. To avoid these losses, it is necessary to use phytosanitary treatments. In addition to their financial cost, winegrower’s health issues and the environment protection cannot be ignored. However, all grapevine varieties do not present the same sensitivity to the pathogen. Indeed, despite of poor organoleptic qualities, American varieties are resistant to this disease. Combining them with European species by varietal crossing may be a viable alternative to these treatments. However, to lead efficiently these cross breeding programs, it is necessary to know more about the relationship "host-pathogen". In this context, analysis by mass spectrometry has been used under different aspect
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Impact of PPAR ligands treatment and their derivatives on human colorectal cancer cells : modifications of redox and glycolytic status
No full textLa Pioglitazone appartient à la famille des thiazolidinédiones et le Fénofibrate à la famille des fibrates. Ces molécules sont, respectivement, des agonistes synthétiques du récepteur activable par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes γ (PPARγ) et PPARα, membres de la famille des récepteurs nucléaires aux hormones. Le traitement de cellules cancéreuses humaines par ces molécules limite la croissance et peut induire leur apoptose. Cependant, l’impact de ces traitements sur les cellules cancéreuses est en partie dû à une action indépendante de l’activation du récepteur et met en cause la génération d'un stress oxydant. Au cours de ces travaux, un analogue de la Pioglitazone, la ΔPioglitazone, qui ne permet pas l’activation de PPARγ, a été synthétisé. Les effets de ces molécules ont été testés sur deux lignées cellulaires établies à partir de cancer colique, HT29 et HCT116. Ces traitements limitent la croissance des cellules cancéreuses sans induire de processus apoptotique. La production d’espèces réactives est responsable d’une diminution du contenu en glutathion intracellulaire. Le stress oxydant généré suite au traitement par la Pioglitazone et la ΔPioglitazone induit l’activation de la voie de signalisation antioxydante Nrf2/Keap1 et l’expression de ses gènes-cibles HO-1 et NQO1. En revanche, bien qu’il induise la production d’un stress oxydant, le Fénofibrate n’entraîne aucune activation de cette voie. De plus, ces trois composés sont responsables d’une modification du métabolisme cellulaire en faveur de la glycolyse. Parallèlement, l’impact de dérivés 4-thiazolidinones, analogues des thiazolidinédione, synthétisés au laboratoire, a été testé. L’effet de ces molécules a été évalué sur la survie cellulaire et le statut redox des cellules HT29. Plusieurs composés présentent une activité antiproliférative et sont capables de générer un stress oxydant sans activer la voie Nrf2/Keap1Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors (PPAR) are members of the nuclear receptor family. Pioglitazone and Fenofibrate belong respectively to the thiazolidinedione and fibrate family. Pioglitazone is an agonist of PPARγ isotype whereas Fenofibrate is an agonist of PPARα isotype. Cancer cell exposure to each ligand inhibits cell growth and triggers apoptosis cell death. However, the effects of respective PPAR ligand on cell survival were found to be independent of receptor activation and were associated to redox changes within the cells. In order to discriminate PPAR independent from PPAR dependent activation, an analogue of Pioglitazone, Δ-Pioglitazone was synthesized. The molecule binds to PPARγ without activating it. Two cancer cell lines established from human colon adenocarcinoma, HT29 and HCT116 were tested. Cell exposure to each molecule inhibited cell growth but cells did not undergo apoptosis cell death. Cell treatment induced the production of reactive species and the decrease of intracellular glutathione content. Pioglitazone or [delta]-Pioglitazone-mediated oxidative stress triggered the activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway as assessed by the increases of Nrf2 target genes expression such as HO-1 and NQO1. In contrast, Fenofibrate treatment increased reactive species production but did no activate this pathway. Moreover, cell exposure to Pioglitazone, Δ-Pioglitazone or Fenofibrate modulated cell metabolism, notably by enhancing glycolysis. In parallel, impact of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives synthesized in the laboratory was tested. These molecules are analogues of thiazolidinedione. Effect of 4-thiazolidinone treatments was assessed to cell growth arrest and redox changes within the HT29 cells. Several molecules have anti-proliferative effect and are able to generate oxidative stress without Nrf2/Keap1 pathway activatio
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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