1,720,959 research outputs found
Il valore della trasparenza nella Direttiva n. 825/2024 sul consumo sostenibile
No full textLa recente Direttiva (UE) n. 2024/825 sul consumo sostenibile ha conferito alla trasparenza un ruolo primario nelle transazioni dei consumatori, riproponendo il dibattuto tema se essa sia un mezzo o un fine, e se una mancanza di trasparenza sia sufficiente a determinare l'abusività della clausola o se il giudice debba invece accertare una violazione in buona fede e uno squilibrio a danno del consumatore. In questo articolo si sottolinea la tecnica utilizzata dal legislatore, in evidente controtendenza rispetto alla Direttiva (UE) emanata nel 1993, in quanto grava il professionista di specifici obblighi informativi, la cui violazione può determinare una pratica commerciale ingannevole. La scelta del legislatore europeo di procedere ad una individuazione analitica e dettagliata delle informazioni che il professionista deve fornire si espone all’obiezione che i casi tipizzati potrebbero non essere in grado di contemplare tutti gli scenari che concretamente potrebbero verificarsi e adattarsi alle mutevoli necessità, con la conseguenza che il giudice è costretto ad applicare un criterio interpretativo basato sull’antico brocardo secondo cui laddove il legislatore tace, non lo fa. Si ritiene inoltre non trascurabile che l’eccesso di informazioni che il professionista deve fornire potrebbe non essere in grado di assicurare il passaggio dalla trasparenza formale a quella sostanziale, su cui si fonda la nuova stagione consumistica.The recent Directive (EU) n. 2024/825 on sustainable consumption has conferred transparency a primary role in consumers transactions, reproposing the discussed topic concerning wheter it is a means or an end value, and wether a lack of transparency is sufficient to determine the abusiveness of the clause or wether the judge should ascertain a good faith violation and imbalance to the detriment of the consumer instead. In this paper is emphasized the technique used by the legislator, in evident countertrend compared with the Directive (EU) issued on 1993, as it burden the trader with specific informational obligations, whose violation can determine misleading commercial practice. The choice of european legislator to proceed in an analytical and detailed identification of the information that the trader must provide exposes itself to the objection that the typified cases may not be able to contemplate all the scenarios that could concretely occur and adapt to variable necessities, resulting in the judge being obliged to apply an interpretive criterion based on the ancient brocard that where the legislator is silent, he does not will. It is also considered non negligible that the excess of information that the trader must provide may not be able to ensure the transition from formal to substantial transparency, on which the new consumerist season is based
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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