1,720,988 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Calcium alterations in apoptotic and survival pathways
No full textNumerosi studi hanno inizialmente descritto alterazioni del calcio (Ca2+), in termini di un aumento di Ca2+ citosolico, in apoptosi. Ciò ha portato alla opinione diffusa che una deregolazione dell’omeostasi del Ca2+ sia un evento richiesto per l’avvio dell’apoptosi. La recente disponibilità di sonde fluorescenti permeabili per analizzare i parametri di Ca2+ intracellulare insieme con il forte sviluppo di strumenti per le misure del Ca2+ stanno evidenziando che i meccanismi alla base della segnalazione intracellulare apoptotica sono molto più sofisticati di quanto creduto in precedenza e altre più sottili correlazioni tra il metabolismo del Ca2+ e la segnalazione apoptotica cominciano ad apparire. Così, il paradigma che l’apoptosi richieda un aumento di Ca2+ citosolico è attualmente messo in discussione dall’osservazione che un aumento di Ca2+ citosolico può paradossalmente esercitare sia un effetto pro-apoptotico che anti-apoptotico. Nonostante numerosi studi riguardanti il ruolo del Ca2+ nei fenomeni di apoptosi/sopravvivenza, ancora oggi resta da spiegare perché le alterazioni del Ca2+ possano svolgere ruoli così diversi in differenti sistemi cellulari e soprattutto il ruolo effettivo del Ca2+ nell’apoptosi/sopravvivenza è ancora elusivo.
In questa tesi, ho analizzato il ruolo del Ca2+ nei fenomeni di apoptosi/sopravvivenza, applicando differenti approcci (per es., mettendo a punto una nuova metodologia che permette l’analisi a livello di singola cellula di parametri statici e dinamici del Ca2+ in cellule indotte in apoptosi; perturbando, l’omeostasi del Ca2+ con diversi agenti chimici e fisici prima di indurre l’apoptosi). Attraverso questi approcci, ho identificato un numero di fasi progressive, temporalmente definite, caratterizzate da cambiamenti nei parametri del Ca2+ dopo l’induzione dell’apoptosi, sia in cellule pre-apoptotiche che francamente apoptotiche, indicando così che molteplici tipi di alterazioni del Ca2+ con differenti significati avvengono in apoptosi. Inoltre ho delineato l’esistenza di differenti pathway pro-sopravvivenza (che ho chiamato, rispettivamente, pathway di difesa cellulare e pathway di sopravvivenza) attuati in risposta a differenti stress e coinvolgenti il Ca2+ in modo opposto. I dati qui riportati sono consistenti con un ruolo dualistico del Ca2+ sulla sopravvivenza cellulare dipendente dal danno subito dalle cellule. Questo è in linea con emergenti evidenze che il Ca2+ possa svolgere un ruolo pro-apoptotico e anti-apoptotico. Pertanto, i miei dati potrebbero fornire una possibile spiegazione alle apparenti incongruenze di molti studi che descrivono le alterazioni del Ca2+ in apoptosi, indicando così che molteplici tipi di alterazioni di Ca2+ con differenti significati possono avvenire sia nei fenomeni di apoptosi che di sopravvivenza.Many earlier studies have described Ca2+ alterations in apoptosis in terms of cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, thus concluding that apoptosis may be triggered by a deregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. However, the recent availability of fluorescent cell-permeant Ca2+ probes together with the strong development of Ca2+ measurements instruments are evidencing that apoptotic signalling mechanisms are more sophisticated that previously believed, and other, more subtle correlations between Ca2+ metabolism and apoptotic signalling begin to appear. Thus, the paradigm that apoptosis required an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is currently shaken by the finding that cytosolic Ca2+ elevation during apoptosis can paradoxically exert either a pro-apoptotic or an anti-apoptotic effect. However, in spite of many current studies concerning the role of Ca2+ in apoptosis/survival, it remains to be explained why Ca2+ alterations play different roles in the apoptosis of different cell systems, and overall the effective role of Ca2+ in apoptosis/survival is still elusive.
In this thesis, we have analysed the role of Ca2+ in apoptosis/survival, by applying different approaches (i.e., by setting up a novel method that allows the analysis at the single cell level of static as well as dynamic Ca2+ parameters in apoptosing cell; by perturbing Ca2+ homeostasis with different chemical and physical agents before inducing apoptosis). Through these approaches, we have identified a number of progressive, temporally defined phases, characterized by changes in Ca2+ parameters after the induction of apoptosis, among either pre-apoptotic or frankly apoptotic cells, thus indicating that multiple types of Ca2+ alterations with different meanings occur in apoptosis. Moreover, we have delineated the existence of different pro-survival pathways (namely cell defence pathway or pro-survival pathway) actuated in response to different stress and involving Ca2+ in opposite way. The data here presented are consistent with a dualistic effect of Ca2+ on cell survival depending on the damage suffered by cells. This is in line with emerging evidence that Ca2+ may play a pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic role. Thus, our data might account for the apparent incongruencies of many studies dealing with the study of Ca2+ alterations in apoptosis, thus indicating that multiple types of Ca2+ alterations with different meanings may occur in both apoptosis and survival
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
IDENTIFICATION DES CIBLES MOLECULAIRES DES COMPOSES DE LA FAMILLE DES GLYCOSIDES CARDIAQUES
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