262,329 research outputs found
Case-bottega a Nora (Sardegna): dai dati di scavo alla ricostruzione virtuale
No full textL!antica città punica e poi romana di Nora sorgeva su un promontorio roccioso unito all'entroterra da uno stretto istmo sabbioso, all!estremità occidentale del golfo di Cagliari. In epoca romana, lungo la riva occidentale del promontorio si snodava una grande arteria, la ‘via del Porto’, che collegava il centro cittadino con l!area portuale, localizzata nella vicina laguna. Sulla strada gravitava il fervore delle attività artigianali e commerciali che la sua posizione e la sua funzione inevitabilmente richiamavano. La nostra attenzione si focalizza su un complesso con funzione commerciale a#acciato su questa strada, l!isolato AB, che è stato indagato dall!Università di Pisa a
partire dall!inizio degli anni Novanta, per tentaredi proporre, grazie all'esaustiva documentazione di scavo acquisita e all'utilizzo di programmi di modellazione 3D, ipotesi ricostruttive dei volumi degli ambienti e dell'intero edificio nelle sue principali
fasi di vita
A mechanistic model may explain the dissimilar biological efficiency of the fungal elicitors cerato-platanin and cerato-populin
No full textAmong their various functions, the members of the cerato-platanin family can stimulate plants' defense responses and induce resistance against microbial pathogens. Recent results suggest that conserved loops, also involved in chitin binding, might be a structural motif central for their eliciting activity. Here, we focus on cerato-platanin and its orthologous cerato-populin, searching for a rationale of their diverse efficiency to elicit plants' defense and to interact with oligosaccharides. A 3D model of cerato-populin has been generated by homology modeling using the NMR-derived cerato-platanin structure as template, and it has been validated by fitting with residual dipolar couplings. Loops β1-β2 and β2-β3 have been indicated as important for some CPPs members to express their biological function. When compared to cerato-platanin, in cerato-populin they present two mutations and an insertion that significantly modify their electrostatic surface. NMR relaxation experiments point to a reduced conformational plasticity of cerato-populin loops with respect to the ones of cerato-platanin. The different electrostatic surface of the loops combined with a distinct network of intra-molecular interactions are expected to be factors that, by leading to a diverse spatial organization and dissimilar collective motions, can regulate the eliciting efficacy of the two proteins and their affinity for oligosaccharides
I primi risultati delle ricognizioni archeologiche a Montegrotto Terme
No full textIl contributo presenta i risultati della prima campagna di ricognizioni condotta nel territorio di Montegrotto Term
The growth of marine fungi on seaweed polysaccharides produces cerato-platanin and hydrophobin self-assembling proteins
No full textThe marine fungi Paradendryphiela salina and Talaromyces pinophilus degrade and assimilate complex substrates from plants and seaweed. Additionally, these fungi secrete surface-active proteins, identified as cerato-platanins and hydrophobins. These hydrophobic proteins have the ability to self-assemble forming amyloid-like aggregates and play an essential role in the growth and development of the filamentous fungi. It is the first time that one cerato-platanin (CP) is identified and isolated from P. salina (PsCP) and two Class I hydrophobins (HFBs) from T. pinophilus (TpHYD1 and TpHYD2). Furthermore, it is possible to extract cerato-platanins and hydrophobins using marine fungi that can feed on seaweed biomass, and through a submerged liquid fermentation process. The propensity to aggregate of these proteins has been analyzed using different techniques such as Thioflavin T fluorescence assay, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Here, we show that the f..
Per una fruizione del paesaggio virtuale. Riflessioni sulle Terme di Nerone nella Pisa romana
No full textThe archaeological remains excavated in historic cities appear to be disconnected from the current urban fabric; they can only regain their full meaning when reinserted into their original, ancient landscape. To do so, virtual reconstructions play a central role in recreating these historically accurate ancient cities.
Starting from the case study of Terme di Nerone in Pisa, this paper delves into the difficulties to give shape to the absence, invisibility and emptiness of the archaeological record, in order to reconstruct the ancient landscape in a realistic way.
A fundamental concern relates to the identification of shared protocols, which are based on the use of measurable, quantifiable and comparable data, in order to obtain a scientific and educational communication
Cerato-platanin protein 1 is not critical for <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> growth and aggressiveness, but its overexpression provides an edge to Fusarium head blight in wheat
No full textFusarium graminearum is a mycotoxin-producing pathogen involved in Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease of cereals, and is responsible for compromising grain yield and quality.Over the course of infection, the fungus secretes various metabolites and proteins, of which only a handful have been fully characterized in the context of FHB. We report herein the role of a secreted cerato-platanin protein (FGSG_10212, FgCPP1) in the growth and aggressiveness of F. graminearum. Pathogen strains in which FgCPP1 was disrupted (Δfgcpp1) or overexpressed (FgCPP1-OX1) did not differ from the wild-type with respect to macroconidial germination or mycelial growth, nor in sensitivity to chemicals targeting fungal cell walls. Host—plant interaction studies were conducted including disease assays in wheat and host-cell localization of FgCPP1 in tobacco cells. Consistent with previous reports for FgCPP1 disruption mutants of F. graminearum, no difference was observed among FgCPP1-OX1, Δfgcpp1 and the wild-type in their ability to cause disease spread in point-inoculated wheat spikes. Spray inoculation of the wheat spikes with FgCPP1-OX1 resulted in an increase in diseased spikelets as early as 3 days post-inoculation in each of the three wheat genotypes assessed; however, this increase was not observed when the disease assay was repeated in the cultivar ‘Penhold’ with an additional FgCPP1-OX transformant, FgCPP1-OX2. FgCPP1-OX1 also resulted in increased levels of deoxynivalenol accumulation in axenic culture, as well as in spray-inoculated wheat spikes. We propose that FgCPP1 is a minor contributor to pathogen aggressiveness in wheat.</p
Cerato-platanin and cerato-populin induce mapk activation in plane and Arabidopsis leaves.
No full textCerato-platanin (CP) and cerato-populin (Pop1) are small proteins produced by the phytopathogenic fungi Ceratocystis platani and C. populicola, respectively. CP and Pop1 behave as PAMPs, since they elicit typical defense responses in various host and non-host plants such as the induction of synthesis of phytoalexins and of some defence related genes. CP structure has been solved by NMR and consists in a double Ψbarrel protein. Pop1 has a similar fold but circular dichroism shows differences in the secondary structure between the two proteins. In order to better characterize the PAMP activity of these proteins we first assayed: (i) the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide; (ii) the viability of cells; (iii) the expression of the genes PR5 (thaumatin), LTP (lipid transfer protein) e APX (ascorbate peroxidase). Results indicate that either CP and Pop1 induce synthesis of H2O2, NO and hypersensitive cell death with apoptotic features which are hallmark of successful recognition of infection and activation of plant defences. Recently, the activation of MAPKs has been detected in Arabidopsis and plane leaves treated with 1.5 nmol/10 μl of CP and Pop1. After 15 min and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation, leaves were subjected to protein extraction, and sample were analyzed by Western blot using antierk1/2 human antibodies. Preliminary results show the activation of MAPK 3/6 after 1-12 h of incubation. Therefore, another marker of defence response was shown to be activated by CP and Pop1 in specific and non-specific hosts
EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES APPLIED TO THE VALIDATION OF DETERMINISTIC SOFTWARE FOR THE PREDICTION OF RADIO-FREQUENCY PROPAGATION
No full textMassa (MS). Scavi in piazza Mazzini (detta piazza Mercurio)
No full textRisultati degli scavi stratigrafici di Piazza Mazzini a Massa (anni 2011-2012
Cerato-platanin and cerato-populin induce differential resistance responses in plane leaves
No full textCerato-platanin (CP) and cerato-populin (Pop1) are small proteins produced by the phytopathogenic fungi Ceratocystis platani and C. populicola, respectively. CP and Pop1 behaved as PAMPs, since they elicited typical defense responses in various host and non-host plants. CP and Pop1 are well-structured α/β proteins with a identity of about 63% and the conservative substitution of approximately 12% of amino acids. Also the analysis by circular dichroism showed differences in the secondary structure between the two proteins. The present work aimed to understand whether these structural differences are reflected in differences in their eliciting activity. For this purpose we have used the plane leaves because this is the model on which we work long and know really. In addition to assess the inhibition of fungal growth on plane leaves, we studied the following parameters at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 hours post treatment: (1) determination and visualization of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by using the specific probe 2’-7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and the fluorescent dye 4,5 diaminofluorescein diacetate, respectively; (2) the viability of cells determined by staining with propidium iodide and the in situ detection of DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay); (3) the expression of the genes PR5 (thaumatin), LTP (Lipid transfer protein) e APX (Ascorbato perossidasi). All results show marked differences in the eliciting capacity of the two proteins; in particular the plane resistance responses are activated earlier by CP than by Pop1. These results are the basis for identifying the protein region(s) involved in the PAMP activity
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