1,721,037 research outputs found
The onset of fish colonization in a coastal defence structure (Chioggia, Northern Adriatic Sea)
No full textCoastal defence structures constitute the most extensive hard substrates of the Northwestern Adriatic Sea and are known to sustain rich benthic
and nektonic communities. To appreciate the pattern of colonization, we studied the fish assemblage of a recently deployed breakwater. We
compared observations from two years, the different sides (landward and seaward) of the barrier, and the two fringes, characterized by timing of
work completion. The results indicate that colonization, still in process, follows different patterns among species. Benthic and necto-benthic
species presented a striking increase in abundance and richness in the second year of colonization, while more mobile species did not evince
any variation between years. Differences in mobility among species suggest that the latter group may have reached the breakwater from nearby
artificial substrates, whereas the former colonized the new structure as recruits. In addition, fish assemblages differed between the two sides,
likely due to variation in the environmental characteristics, and according to depth, reflecting species preferences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Functional defect of natural immune system in an apparent immunocompetent patient with pulmonary cryptococcosis
No full textWe report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in a 21-year-old Italian female smoker with no apparent immune disorder. In this study we demonstrated that: (i) patient's neutrophils and monocytes manifested a significant reduction of killing activity against Cryptococcus neoformans as well as Candida albicans; (ii) the suppression was more pronounced in monocytes than in neutrophils; (iii) neutrophils and monocytes showed a significant impairment of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and nitric oxide production. These results suggest that the apparent immunocompetent host with pulmonary cryptococcosis could have specific defects in natural immune system mechanisms
Systemic infection with Herpes bovis virus 2 evokes a biphasic immune response in the mouse
No full textWe evaluated the effects of systemic infection by Herpes bovis virus 2 (HBV-2) on a murine experimental system. We provide evidence that such infection is lethal for the immunocompromised but not for the immunocompetent mouse in which a biphasic immune response is elicited. In particular, 1 day post-infection, we observed a rapid transient depression induced by the virus, as documented by a decrease in peripheral leukocyte counts, mitogenic spleen cell response and resistance to a secondary microbial challenge. Later, HBV-2 infection boosted cytokine secretion and enhanced antimicrobial and antitumoral activities by the splenic district. In conclusion, our experimental model discloses some immunological aspects underlying the complex host-virus interaction
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