1,721,005 research outputs found

    Le savant, le « vulgaire » et la catastrophe. Le retentissement du séisme calabro-messinais de 1783 en Suisse occidentale

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    In early modern Europe natural disasters often boosted the proliferation of reports and queries, as well as of accounts and rumours, thus revealing the widespread interest in extraordinary and disrupting events. The specific aim of this article is to explore the circulation of narratives of catastrophe in Western Switzerland after the dreadful earthquake in 1783 that affected Southern Italy, and the subsequent enquiries and debates on its causes and effects on society. By taking into account news-sheets, scholarly journals, printed leaflets and manuscripts, it analyses the dissemination of the news in the main cities in Western Switzerland, and the means through which the educated circles created their interpretations of such a hardly explicable event. Finally, it sheds some light on some debates on the political and social consequences of the disasters and on the proposals of moral and social regeneration developed by some observers who meditated on the disruption

    Scritture del disastro e istanze di riforma nel Regno di Napoli (1783). Alle origini delle politiche dell'emergenza

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    This article addresses the complex making of emergency response policies by early modern societies, by analysing the recollections of disaster shared by survivors and their calls for aid and relief. Research focuses primarily on accounts and pleas sent to the Neapolitan government in the wake of the Messina and Calabria earthquake of 1783, and aims to cast new light on the social, political and cultural processes by which the circulation of information and petitions led to the construction of influential narratives of extreme events. By studying the exchange of information spurred by such events, I will assess how the different interpretations influenced the making of the strategy for recovery, and show that the aspirations and needs expressed by the affected communities did not go entirely unheard

    A review on hydrogen industrial aerospace applications

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    This article depicts the scenario in which hydrogen appears as the best candidate fuel for long range transportation with potentially zero emissions. Main characteristics of hydrogen that make it appealing and exploitable in applications are described and compared to those of other common fuels. A historical journey through aerospace industry applications of hydrogen since its discovery is provided, considering turbojet, ramjet, scramjet and rocket engines. Current and future technology levels are reported. © 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

    Large Eddy simulation of turbulent hydrogen-fuelled supersonic combustion in an air cross-flow

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    The main aim of this article is to provide a theoretical understanding of the physics of supersonic mixing and combustion. Research in advanced air-breathing propulsion systems able to push vehicles well beyond M = 4 is of interest around the world. In a scramjet, the air stream flow captured by the inlet is decelerated but still maintains supersonic conditions. As the residence time is very short (~1ms), the study of an efficient mixing and combustion is a key issue in the ongoing research on compressible flows. Due to experimental difficulties in measuring complex high-speed unsteady flowfields, the most convenient way to understand unsteady features of supersonic mixing and combustion is to use computational fluid dynamics. This work investigates supersonic combustion physics in the Hyshot II combustion chamber within the Large Eddy simulation framework. The resolution of this turbulent compressible reacting flow requires: (1) highly accurate non-dissipative numerical schemes to properly simulate strong gradients near shock waves and turbulent structures away from these discontinuities; (2) proper modelling of the small subgrid scales for supersonic combustion, including effects from compressibility on mixing and combustion; (3) highly detailed kinetic mechanisms (the Warnatz scheme including 9 species and 38 reactions is adopted) accounting for the formation and recombination of radicals to properly predict flame anchoring. Numerical results reveal the complex topology of the flow under investigation. The importance of baroclinic and dilatational effects on mixing and flame anchoring is evidenced. Moreover, their effects on turbulence-scale generation and the scaling law are analysed. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

    History in the service of order. The memory of popular revolts in the public domain and in judicial practices (Kingdom of Naples, 17th – 18th Century)

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    Après l ’étouffement de la révolte antiespagnole qui ravagea l ’Italie du Sud en 1647-1648, le spectre de Masaniello continua de hanter la conscience des groupes privilégiés. À travers l ’examen des récits des émeutes et des traités de certains juristes, l ’article analyse les raisons pour lesquelles les protestations populaires survenues dans le Royaume de Naples jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle furent souvent perçues, en référence à la révolte de Masaniello, comme des éclats de fureur plébéienne
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