1,721,005 research outputs found
Gender diversity, financial and innovative performance
No full textPostfeminism remains a relatively unexplored concept for scholars in the area of gender and
organizations. In this seminar we first provide theoretical perspectives on postfeminism and
elaborate a critical approach to it. Postfeminism is seen as a concept, rather than an identification,
that can assist in understanding the patterning of gender in the modern workplace. The second
part of the seminar illustrates different discursive moves that we observed in our own research
exploring how sexism is repudiated and how gender fatigue is enacted. This meta-theme is
supported by four discursive moves: first, gender inequalities are routinely allocated to the past
or, secondly, to other countries or contexts; third, women are seen as the advantaged sex; and
fourth, the status quo is accepted as just how workplaces are. The seminar thereby makes a
contribution to understanding the patterning of a postfeminist sensibility both theoretically and
empirically in the work context, also considering the effect on financial or innovative outcomes
Diversità di genere, leadership e performance nelle aziende di tutela della salute
No full textNel corso degli ultimi decenni, il tema della diversità di genere ha assunto un ruolo rilevante nel dibattito accademico. Invero, il recente proliferarsi di riforme sia a livello nazionale che internazionale ha promosso e favorito il coinvolgimento delle donne nelle posizioni dirigenziali delle aziende pubbliche. In tale contesto le riforme sono state orientate ad accrescere la diversità di genere, a favorire l’inclusione delle donne, nonché a migliorare la loro qualità della vita e il livello di soddisfazione negli ambienti di lavoro. Nonostante tali interventi abbiano stimolato l’interesse degli accademici, la letteratura sul tema si dimostra ancora limitata e inadeguata, soprattutto per ciò che riguarda gli studi sulle aziende di tutela della salute. Poco spazio è stato dedicato all’esame delle implicazioni, dei problemi, delle opportunità, delle sfide manageriali poste dal coinvolgimento delle donne nelle posizioni dirigenziali delle aziende pubbliche e private di tutela della salute, anche rispetto all’adozione e impiego di soluzioni digitali. Pertanto, l'articolo si pone l’obiettivo di stimolare il dibattito sul tema della diversità di genere, della leadership e della performance nelle aziende di tutela della salute, incoraggiando gli accademici a sviluppare nuove linee di ricerca e ad ampliare le prospettive di interpretazione del fenomeno, anche mediante l'impiego di diverse metodologie
Determinants and Consequences of Non-Gaap Disclosure: A Review of the Literature
No full textNon-GAAP reporting has become popular in the capital market over the last two decades and has generated considerable concerns among external users of the financial report. Since the 1990s, academics and practitioners have started questioning the usefulness of non-GAAP metrics. Most of the studies on pro-forma indicators advocates that managers are mainly driven by the desire to provide more precise information to stakeholders on core earnings, in particular on permanent earnings. However, other researchers find that opportunism might be the reason behind the voluntary disclosure of non-GAAP indicators, especially before the regulatory intervention. Therefore, two opposing theoretical perspectives have emerged: informativeness and opportunism. The informative perspective suggests that non-GAAP earnings tend to be more permanent than GAAP earnings and are more useful in the prediction of future firm performance. Other research plays importance on the value relevance of non-GAAP earnings compared to GAAP results, as they are strongly associated with stock price. Further studies highlight that companies which voluntarily disclose non-GAAP results present a lower quality of GAAP earnings and the non-GAAP reporting serves the purpose to compensate for the lower informativeness of GAAP results. Finally, more recent research has highlighted the positive link between non-GAAP disclosure and the reduction of information asymmetries. Differently, the opportunistic perspective assumes that non-GAAP disclosure serves the purpose of misleading the users of financial statements, presenting a higher business performance compared to that emerging from the use of GAAP metrics. Empirical evidence shows that managers disclose pro forma earnings to conceal losses, to report positive earnings growth, to meet or beat analysts’ expectations and to increase investor perceptions of earning credibility. Although most of the studies have examined the US setting, the phenomenon of non-GAAP earnings is not confined exclusively to the US. Additional research has recently been conducted also in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa and Europe. Studies in the European settings have shown that almost 80% of companies in the largest cities reports at least one non-GAAP metric in their earning releases. With reference to the UK setting the percentage of companies that communicate non-GAAP earnings has increased from 40% in 1993 to 75% in 2001, reaching a peak of 90% after the transition to IFRS in the 2005. In spite of the relevance of non-GAAP earnings, there are several differences among countries related to both institutional and economic factors. For example, in the US context the non-GAAP earnings are mainly reported by hi-tech companies, while outside US there is no sector specificity. Furthermore, European companies are more consistent in non-GAAP reporting policies than their US counterparts and are less prone to opportunistically exclude recurring items, such as depreciation. Moving from the dual nature of non-GAAP reporting, this study provides a systematic review of the literature with the aim to identify the main empirical evidence supporting the informative or the opportunistic perspective, pointing out the areas that need further investigation by scholars and practitioners
The European Roadmap to Sustainability Reporting: The EFRAG Environmental Standards.
No full textWith increasing attention being paid to sustainability issues, along with the adverse effects of recent developments such as the aftermath of the COVID pandemic, geo-political risk and disruptions, and the energy crisis, the European Union (EU) has established a set of reforms with the aim of achieving an economy with net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) missions by 2050, in line with the European Green Deal and Paris Agreement 2050. The three most important structural measures are the EU Taxonomy, the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD).
Whilst the EU Taxonomy defines investments supporting the transition to a greener
economy through specific KPIs, the SFDR requires financial service providers to disclose information on the sustainability profile of their investments.
To establish greater transparency regarding the impact companies have on the planet, in April 2021 the European Commission (EC) introduced the CSRD. This Directive mandates sustainability-related information, replacing the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD), which has imposed requirements to disclose environmental and social impacts since 2017.
Under the CSRD, the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) was appointed as technical adviser to the EC to develop European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRSs). The first ESRS Exposure Drafts (EDs) prepared by the EFRAG Project Task Force on European Sustainability Reporting Standards (EFRAG PTFESRS) were presented for comments from 30 April 2022 to 8 August 2022. The EFRAG SRB, advised by the EFRAG SR TEG, addressed the feedback arising from the consultation and accordingly amended the first set of draft ESRSs that were released in November 2022 and submitted to EC for
review. Following further consultation with regulatory authorities’ expert groups, the EC, along with EU member states, released updated draft standards for an additional four-week public feedback period in June 2023. On 31 July 2023, the EC adopted the final Delegated Act of the ESRSs subject to a scrutiny period of two months with a possible two-month extension. On 21 October 2023, the ESRSs became law and will be adopted
by companies falling under the scope of the CSRD starting from 2024. The Delegated Act includes the 12 established ESRSs, which comprise two cross-cutting standards which apply to all sustainability matters and 10 topical standards covering a wide range of environmental, social, and governance matters. ESRSs will apply on an individual or consolidated basis from 1 January 2024, and will be subject to a phased introduction that will start with Public Interest Entities (PIEs) and companies already obligated to comply with reporting requirements under the NFRD (i.e. large EU-listed companies with more than 500 employees). ESRSs will expand the scope of NFRD to reach: (i) all EU listed companies, including listed SMEs (except listed micro-enterprises), (ii) large unlisted companies; and (iii) non-EU companies. In subsequent years, the EC is expected to adopt further delegated acts for additional sets of standards, namely, sector-specific standards, proportionate standards for listed SMEs, and standards for non-EU companies
Il capitale intellettuale delle università nelle missioni di didattica, ricerca e territorio: un modello di public value accounting
No full textIn letteratura è ampiamente riconosciuta la rilevanza delle risorse intangibili
del capitale mediante cui le università generano e diffondono conoscenza. La definizione del
capitale intellettuale si è evoluta alla luce del nuovo ruolo economico e pubblico che l’università
è chiamata a svolgere nei confronti dell’ambiente istituzionale di riferimento. Ciononostante, la
creazione di valore del capitale intellettuale nelle tre missioni di didattica, ricerca e territorio
risulta tutt’ora poco investigata. Impiegando il framework teorico della publicness e
considerando la rilevanza del ruolo economico, pubblico e sociale il presente studio si propone
di individuare un modello di public value accounting del capitale intellettuale delle università in
grado di coniugare la creazione e la gestione del valore generato nelle tre missioni con gli
strumenti di monitoraggio e misurazione delle performance. Il lavoro offre contribuiti al dibattito
della letteratura sul capitale intellettuale e suggerisce alcune implicazioni pratiche
Five years of gender research in the public sector by the IPAZIA Observatory: a review of the studies and a research agenda.
No full textThe issue of gender equality in public organizations is a relevant subject of academic and practitioners’ management debate as gender balance represents a symbol of democracy and good governance, leading to a more equitable and sustainable economy and improving trust in public entities. It has also attracted the attention of institutions and society, as confirmed by the commitment in European financial programs Horizon 2020 and Horizon 2021-2027. Nevertheless, women under-representation in workplaces still exists and scholars highlight the need to conceptualize the effect of gender in public employment, with a broader perspective in terms of settings and sectors. The study aims to address these requirements through a literature review on gender and public sector considering the studies on the topic published by the IPAZIA Observatory since its inception, both in volumes and in conference proceedings. Mainly using qualitative methods, the papers analysed show that public institutions are strongly gendered and do not allow women equal work opportunities compared to men, especially in technological fields. However, encouraging women's involvement in public organizations may have a positive effect on public administration outcomes as female engagement creates high level of cooperation reducing conflicts, generates a positive push for innovation and in co-production of corporate value. Besides, our results prove a positive relationship between both gender diversity and accountability for sustainability and gender diversity and disclosure of diversity information as the presence of women at different levels of the organization generates positive expectations of quality, credibility, and transparency by reducing information asymmetry and by signaling legitimacy. In achieving its aim, our study provides both theoretical and practical contributions in order to give a research agenda useful to guide future research efforts, and also highlight how the implementation of gender equality and work-life balance policies can create a system of benefits for public entities
Women and E-health in public hospitals: Empirical evidence on top and line managers
No full textWithin the public management literature, this paper analyses the contribution of
women in top and line managerial positions for the public hospital’s innovation in
terms of e-Health. It empirically examines Italian public hospitals and uses a combined
measure of innovation by relying on different e-Health solutions. Findings show that
female managers, especially when characterized by a legal background, foster the
implementation of innovative strategies and facilitate the e-Health adoption.
However, results report that gender similarity increases the rivalry between top
management team and line managers thus limiting the adoption of e-Health
solutions
Fast Track Review in una special issue di Journal of Family Business Strategy per il paper dal titolo "The use of stock option in family firms"
No full textThis paper investigates whether the family ownership affects the aim of stock option plans. Taking advantage of the Italian setting that is representative of a family business environment, we perform a cluster analysis based on the characteristics of plan design to disentangle the incentive from the non-incentive stock option plans. We assume that with increasing of family ownership the overlapping between family and business life exacerbates the agency problems between family and non-family members and posit that the use of pay incentives helps to mitigate these problems. Our logit model reveals that family firms are more likely to grant stock options to family members to align their interests to the ones of non-family owners, especially when a non-family CEO is in charge. This paper contributes to the existing literature on corporate governance in family business. Our results have also practical significance for investors, analysts and policy-makers
Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of neurological damage in patients with methylmalonic aciduria.
No full textThe mediating role of relational capital for the academic performance effect of IC: the influence of digital technologies
No full textPurpose: Different mechanisms allow intellectual capital (IC) to affect performance. In this paper, we set out to analyze the value of relations for the academic performance effect of IC and explore how the university’s reliance on digital technologies facilitates the contribution of IC to the overall academic performance.
Design/methodology/approach: We develop a model linking elements of IC to academic performance in the form of teaching, research, and entrepreneurial activity. Our model is centred on relational capital that is supposed to directly fuel performance and mediate the link between the other two IC dimensions and performance. From a methodological point of view, we base our empirical investigation on a sample of Italian public universities and applied structural equation modeling to test the mediation and a group comparison to disentangle the effect of universities’ digitalization.
Findings: We find a significant and positive effect of relational capital on performance. Relational capital fully mediates the relationship between structural capital and academic performance whereas, it only partially mediates the link between human capital and academic performance. We also suggest that digital technologies guide the prominence of the relationship in the university ability to fulfil teaching, research and entrepreneurship missions through IC.
Originality/value: This study offers a representation of how the relational dimension of IC is the mean through which the stock of knowledge inside IC can be translated into entrepreneurial, education and research achievements and how digital technologies are essential for the exploitation of the performance effect of IC in the digital era
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