1,720,958 research outputs found
Valutazione dell’influenza dello stile di guida su consumi ed emissioni inquinanti dei veicoli
No full text
An Ecoindex to measure the driving style and its influence on vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions
No full textRoad transport is a major contributor to environmental pollution and driving style is one of the most significant among factors in the environmental impact of a vehicle. In the past two decades a new driving style, called eco-driving, has been developed to reduce CO2 emissions in driving and nowadays it is a climate change initiative not to be overlooked. CTL (Centre for Transport and Lo-gistics) has developed an innovative tool to acquire data from vehicles and to measure car fuel con-sumption and emissions on the road. In order to quantify the driving style influence on CO2 emis-sions CTL also developed an analytic method working with the acquired data and based on eco-driving rules. A large on road campaign (10 cars, 270 drivers, 120.000 km) was made using such tools and meth-ods. CO2 emissions as a function of average speed of the route measured in the campaign overlap on COPERT specific CO2 –speed function based on the EEA emission inventory. If all the monitored drivers had adopted the eco-driving driving-style CO2 emissions would have been up to 30% lower than the measured average at the typical urban speed (between 10 and 40 km/h on average) which is where the driver influence is higher
Utilizzo dei dati provenienti dalla diagnostica dei veicoli per il calcolo dei consumi e della CO2
No full textNumerose pubblicazioni scientifiche hanno dimostrato che le prestazioni energetico-emissive dei veicoli nelle prove standard di omologazione non sono fedeli alle reali prestazioni su strada, poiché esse sono influenzate da condizioni esterne variabili e difficilmente riproducibili al banco a rulli come lo stile di guida del conducente e le condizioni del traffico. Nell’ambito del progetto PEGASUS, un progetto di innovazione industriale per la mobilità sostenibile che fa capo al programma INDUSTRIA 2015, è stata eseguita una campagna di acquisizione su strada per il monitoraggio dell’impatto energetico ambientale di 10 veicoli, 4 del servizio Car-Sharing di Roma e 6 del Car Rental di AVIS. I veicoli sono stati monitorati con dei pc di bordo di tipo automotive in grado di acquisire sia i dati GPS sia i dati provenienti dal sistema elettronico del veicolo tramite la presa di diagnosi OBD: dati quali la velocità del veicolo, regime rotazione motore, posizione del pedale dell’acceleratore, carico motore, portata d’aria aspirata, tensione della sonda lambda, etc, sono stati acquisiti con un rate di 2 hertz. L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di calibrare e validare dei modelli di consumo di carburante e di produzione della CO2 per veicoli a benzina e diesel. Per validare i modelli i veicoli sono stati testati su un banco a rulli ed è stato installato un analizzatore per la misura dei gas di scarico (OBS Horiba 1300). I valori dei sensori installati sul motore sono stati confrontati con i valori misurati dall’analizzatore. Le prove necessarie per la calibrazione dei modelli sono risultate le seguenti: warm-up, idle, curva di potenza massima, prove a numero di giri costante e carico variabile
CityMobil2: Challenges and Opportunities of Fully Automated Mobility
No full textMain benefits of road automation will be obtained when cars will drive themselves
with or without passengers on-board and on any kind of roads, especially
urban areas. This will allow the creation of new transport services, forms of shared
mobility, which will enable seamless mobility from door to door without the need
of owning a vehicle. To enable this vision vehicles will not just need to become
“autonomous” when automated, they will need to become part of an Automated
Road Transport System (ARTS).
The CityMobil2 EC project mission is progressing toward this vision defining
and demonstrating the legal and technical frameworks necessary to enable ARTSs
on the roads. After a thorough revision of the literature allowing to state that
automation will give its best when it will be full-automation and vehicles will be
allowed to circulate in urban environments, the paper identifies where these transport
systems perform at their best, with medium size vehicle as on-demand transport
services feeding conventional mass transits in the suburbs of large cities, on
radial corridors as complementary mass transits with large busses and platoons of
them and as main public transport for small cities with personal vehicles; then defines
the infrastructural requirements to insert safely automated vehicles and
transport systems in urban areas. Finally it defines the vehicle technical requirements
to do so
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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