1,721,219 research outputs found
Le neuroscienze cognitive spiegate. Un ‘dialogo‘ sulla creatività e l’arte. L’incontro fra la neuropsicologa Cattaneo e lo storico dell’arte Pellegrini
No full textNoninvasive Brain Stimulation: An Overview of Available Approaches for Research in Neuroaesthetics
No full textNoninvasive brain stimulation methods, like transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation, are largely employed in cognitive neuroscience to investigate brain–behavior relationships. This review offers an overview of mechanisms of actions of transcranial magnetic stimulation and different types of transcranial electrical stimulation and considers recent studies that have shed light on the neural underpinning of aesthetic evaluation of (visual) artworks by means of noninvasive brain stimulation. Possible future applications of noninvasive brain stimulation for research in neuroaesthetics are also discusse
The neural basis of mirror symmetry detection: a review
No full textThe human visual system is extremely sensitive to the presence of bilateral (mirror) symmetry. In this review, I summarise the results of recent work investigating the neural basis of mirror symmetry detection, focusing in particular on brain stimulation evidence. Overall, available findings converge in pointing to the lateral occipital (LO) complex, especially in the right hemisphere, as a key region causally involved in symmetry detection. Interestingly, they also suggest that another region in the right extrastriate visual cortex, the occipital face area (OFA), is causally implied in symmetry detection, posing an interesting connection at the neural level between visual cortex responses to faces and to symmetry. Finally, this review also considers evidence on haptic symmetry detection in sighted and early blind individuals that points to LO as a multi-modal symmetry-sensitive region, and suggests that symmetry is a salient perceptual feature mediated by LO even when any visual experience is missin
Neural correlates of visual aesthetic appreciation: insights from non-invasive brain stimulation
Full text linkDuring the last decade, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been increasingly employed in the field of neuroaesthetics research to shed light on the possible causal role of different brain regions contributing to aesthetic appreciation. Here, I review studies that have employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate neurocognitive mechanisms mediating visual aesthetic appreciation for different stimuli categories (faces, bodies, paintings). The review first considers studies that have assessed the possible causal contribution of cortical regions in mediating aesthetic appreciation along the visual ventral and dorsal pathways (i.e., the extrastriate body area, the motion-sensitive region V5/MT+ , the lateral occipital complex and the posterior parietal cortex). It then considers TMS and tDCS studies that have targeted premotor and motor regions, as well as other areas involved in body and facial expression processing (such as the superior temporal sulcus and the somatosensory cortex) to assess their role in aesthetic evaluation. Finally, it discusses studies that have targeted medial and dorsolateral prefrontal regions leading to significant changes in aesthetic appreciation for both biological stimuli (faces and bodies) and artworks. Possible mechanisms mediating stimulation effects on aesthetic judgments are discussed. A final section considers both methodological limitations of the reviewed studies (including levels of statistical power and the need for further replication) and the future potential for non-invasive brain stimulation to significantly contribute to the understanding of the neural bases of visual aesthetic experiences
Blind vision: the neuroscience of visual impairment
No full textCan a blind person see? The very idea seems paradoxical. And yet, if we conceive of "seeing" as the ability to generate internal mental representations that may contain visual details, the idea of blind vision becomes a concept subject to investigation. In this book, Zaira Cattaneo and Tomaso Vecchi examine the effects of blindness and other types of visual deficit on the development and functioning of the human cognitive system. Drawing on behavioral and neurophysiological data, Cattaneo and Vecchi analyze research on mental imagery, spatial cognition, and compensatory mechanisms at the sensorial, cognitive, and cortical levels in individuals with complete or profound visual impairment. They find that our brain does not need our eyes to "see.
Investigating visual motion perception using the transcranial magnetic stimulation-adaptation paradigm
No full textThe state-dependency approach of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables differential stimulation of functionally distinct neural populations within the affected region of cortex. Here we tested the validity of a paradigm based on state-dependency, the TMS-adaptation paradigm, in the context of visual motion perception. Visual adaptation was used to induce an activity imbalance in direction-selective neurons in the visual cortex, after which participants performed a motion direction discrimination task. When TMS was applied over the motion-selective area V5/MT before each experimental trial, the detection of the direction encoded by the adapted neurons was facilitated relative to the direction encoded by the nonadapted neurons. This finding demonstrates, in the domain of visual motion detection, the state-dependency of TMS effects and the validity of the TMS-adaptation paradig
Psicologia delle differenze sessuali
No full textEsistono differenze tra gli individui legate al sesso' La semplicità, solo apparente, di questo quesito ci introduce al dibattito sulle differenze determinate dall'appartenenza sessuale, soprattutto quelle rilevabili in ambito cognitivo e nel comportamento emozionale. In questo libro vedremo se e quanto uomini e donne differiscono nelle abilità cognitive e chiariremo come alla determinazione di tali differenze concorrano sia fattori genetici e biologici sia i vissuti personali e in generale il contesto socio-culturale
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