1,720,963 research outputs found
Antecipação do estigma relacionado ao HIV : impacto no comportamento de testagem em inscritos do Exército Brasileiro
Get PDFDiversos estudos apontam o impacto deletério que o estigma relacionado ao HIV tem em ações de prevenção e tratamento, trazendo consequências negativas para pessoas soropositivas e para a população de modo geral. Porém, no contexto latino-americano e brasileiro, pouco têm sido exploradas as nuances da antecipação do estigma relacionado ao HIV, ou seja, a expectativa de rejeição/preconceito que pessoas podem experimentar ao considerarem a possibilidade de algum dia contraírem HIV. Na contramão da resposta brasileira à epidemia de HIV/AIDS, o Exército Brasileiro tem adotado posturas negativas em relação a pessoas soropositivas, promovendo aposentadorias, expulsões e impedindo pessoas que vivem com HIV de ingressarem na corporação. Esta pesquisa se propôs a investigar o impacto da antecipação do estigma relacionado ao HIV no comportamento de testagem em conscritos do Exército Brasileiro. Participaram 434 homens entre 18 e 20 anos, que assinaram um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, sendo garantidos o sigilo e anonimato dos dados. Foi aplicado um protocolo contendo perguntas sociodemográficas; uma Escala de Antecipação do Estigma; uma escala de conhecimentos sobre formas de transmissão e prevenção da infecção pelo HIV; uma Escala de Preconceito Contra Diversidade Sexual e de Gênero (EPDSG); e medidas de frequência de comportamento sexual de risco e percepção de risco. Foram rodados testes-t para amostras independentes, verificando diferenças na antecipação do estigma de acordo com variáveis sociodemográficas. Em seguida foram realizadas análises de regressão logística bivariadas, tendo como variável dependente a testagem. Também foram realizadas correlações de Pearson entre o escore geral de antecipação do estigma e o escore geral da EPDSG. As variáveis que obtiveram significância foram incluídas no modelo de regressão logística final. O principal desfecho encontrado diz respeito à associação estatisticamente significativa entre comportamento de não testagem e antecipação do estigma relacionado ao HIV. Ainda, foi encontrada relação significativa entre antecipação do estigma relacionado ao HIV e preconceito contra diversidade sexual e de gênero. Foi discutida a implicação dos dados à luz do modelo da vulnerabilidade e feitas considerações a respeito da relação do Exército com a temática do HIV/AIDS.Several studies indicate the deleterious impact that HIV-related stigma has on prevention and treatment actions, bringing negative consequences for HIV-positive people and for the general population. However, in the Latin American and Brazilian context, the nuances of HIV-related anticipated stigma have been poorly explored, that is, the expectation of rejection/prejudice that people may experience when considering the possibility of ever contracting HIV. Contrary to the Brazilian response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the Brazilian Army has adopted negative positions regarding HIV-positive people, promoting pensions, expulsions and preventing people living with HIV from joining the corporation. This research aimed to investigate the impact of anticipation of HIV-related stigma on Brazilian Army conscript testing behavior. Participated in the study 434 men between the ages of 18 and 20, who signed the Informed Consent Form, guaranteeing the secrecy and anonymity of the data. A protocol containing sociodemographic questions was applied; a Stigma Anticipation Scale; a scale of knowledge about transmission and prevention of HIV infection; the Scale of Prejudice Against Sexual and Gender Diversity (SPSGD); and measures of frequency of sexual risk behaviors and risk perception. T-tests were run for independent samples, verifying differences in anticipation of stigma according to sociodemographic variables. Then, bivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed, with the test as a dependent variable. Pearson correlations were also performed between the overall stigma anticipation score and the general SPSGD score. The variables that obtained significance were included in the final logistic regression model. The main outcome was the statistically significant association between non-testing behavior and anticipation of HIV-related stigma. A significant relationship was found between HIV-related anticipation stigma and prejudice against sexual and gender diversity. The implication of the data was discussed considering the model of vulnerability and considerations were made regarding the Army's relationship with the issue of HIV/AIDS
Saúde sexual de pessoas trans: fatores associados às experiências de afirmação de gênero, corpo e sexualidade
Get PDFPessoas trans são aquelas cuja identidade de gênero não se encontra alinhada com o sexo designado no nascimento. No contexto brasileiro, estão sujeitas a adversidades e vulnerabilidades sistemáticas, que incluem alta prevalência e exposição a HIV/AIDS e outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, temas explorados na literatura nacional e internacional. Aspectos de saúde sexual geral, como satisfação com procedimentos de afirmação de gênero, assertividade sexual e receios relacionados ao sexo têm sido insuficientemente abordados. Buscando contribuir para preencher essa lacuna, o objetivo desta tese foi investigar fatores associados às experiências de afirmação de gênero, corpo e sexualidade em indivíduos trans. Foram realizados seis estudos, sendo um teórico, três empíricos e dois clínicos. O primeiro estudo compilou evidências sobre aspectos técnicos relacionados às necessidades de saúde de pessoas trans, apresentando as principais barreiras de acesso enfrentadas por esses indivíduos e discutindo as implicações técnicas e políticas do cuidado em saúde. O segundo estudo investigou se autoestima, depressão e resiliência (variáveis psicológicas) e a realização de cirurgia de modificação corporal se associam aos desfechos medo sexual, ansiedade sexual, insatisfação sexual, nível de satisfação com procedimentos de modificação corporal e preocupações com imagem sexual corporal (desfechos sexuais) em 462 homens e mulheres trans. Os principais resultados indicaram que maiores níveis de depressão e menores níveis de resiliência foram associados com insatisfação sexual. Ainda, depressão e resiliência foram associados com o escore composto de insatisfação sexual e ansiedade sexual. Esses desfechos sugerem que prejuízos de saúde mental podem impactar negativamente a vida sexual de indivíduos trans. O terceiro estudo verificou associações entre sexo protegido por preservativo, autoeficácia na negociação do uso de preservativos, autoestima e quatro dimensões do estresse de minoria (experiências de “misgendering”, preocupações com passabilidade, preconceito antecipado e preconceito percebido) em 260 homens e mulheres trans. Os achados sugeriram que a autoeficácia na negociação do uso de preservativos, preocupações com passabilidade e experiências de “misgendering” foram preditores do sexo protegido por preservativo. Estratégias estruturais e intervenções clínicas foram sugeridas para abordar a autoeficácia na negociação do uso de preservativos e as preocupações com passabilidade em populações trans. O quarto estudo apresentou informações qualitativas sobre afirmação de gênero, corpo e sexualidade a partir de dados obtidos em entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis pessoas, analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os principais eixos temáticos foram definidos a priori e indicaram uma ampla variedade de significados atribuídos a essas vivências, demonstrando a heterogeneidade presente nas comunidades trans. O quinto estudo realizou uma revisão básica sobre disfunções sexuais em pessoas trans e apresentou uma proposta de terapia cognitiva sexual para essa população. A discussão clínica sugeriu procedimentos para avaliar, conceituar e tratar as demandas e queixas sexuais, salientando o papel de profissionais da Psicologia na orientação e apoio relativos à busca por procedimentos médicos e sociais de afirmação de gênero e indicando intervenções psicoterápicas que rompam com o padrão estritamente comportamental da terapia sexual tradicional. O sexto estudo construiu uma orientação detalhada de como manejar a ruminação corporal em indivíduos trans que apresentam disforia de gênero a partir dos pressupostos da terapia comportamental dialética. Foi ressaltado o necessário equilíbrio entre estratégias de aceitação e mudança por meio de vinhetas fictícias e instruções clínicas pormenorizadas. O conjunto de estudos aponta as experiências heterogêneas da população trans em relação à saúde sexual, demonstrando o impacto de prejuízos da saúde mental sobre variáveis sexuais e o modo como o preconceito direcionado a esses indivíduos afeta negativamente desfechos relacionados à sexualidade. Conclui-se que mais estudos precisam ser realizados para informar intervenções programáticas e clínicas que influenciem positivamente a saúde sexual da população trans.Transgender persons are those whose gender identity is not aligned with sex assigned at birth. In the Brazilian context, they are subject to several vulnerabilities and are systematically at risk of suffering deleterious adversities, which include high prevalence and exposure to HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, trends already well documented in national and international literature. Aspects of general sexual health, such as satisfaction with gender assertion procedures, sexual assertiveness and fears related to sex have been insufficiently addressed. Seeking to contribute to fill this gap, the objective of this thesis was to investigate factors associated with gender affirmation, body and sexuality experiences in transgender individuals. The thesis is composed of one theoretical, three empirical and two clinical studies. The first study compiled evidence on technical aspects related to healthcare needs of transgender persons, presenting the main barriers of access faced by these individuals and discussing the technical and political implications of health care. The second study investigated whether self-esteem, depression and resilience (psychological variables) and the performance of body modification surgery are associated with the outcomes sexual fear, sexual anxiety, sexual dissatisfaction, level of satisfaction with body modification procedures and concerns with sexual body image (sexual variables) in 462 trans men and women. The main results indicated that higher levels of depression and lower levels of resilience were associated with sexual dissatisfaction. Still, depression and resilience were associated with the score composed of sexual dissatisfaction and sexual anxiety. These outcomes suggest that damage to mental health can negatively impact the sex life of trans individuals. The third study found associations between condom-protected sex, self-efficacy in negotiating condom use, self-esteem and four dimensions of minority stress (misgendering experiences, “passing” concerns, anticipated prejudice and perceived prejudice) in 260 transgender men and women. The findings suggested that self-efficacy in negotiating condom use, “passing” concerns, and experiences of “misgendering” were predictors of condom-protected sex. Structural strategies and clinical interventions have been suggested to address self-efficacy in negotiating condom use and “passing” concerns in transgender populations. The fourth study presented qualitative data about gender affirmation, body, and sexuality obtained in semi-structured interviews with six participants, analyzed through content analysis. The main thematic axes were defined a priori and indicated a wide variety of meanings attributed to these experiences, demonstrating the heterogeneity present in transgender communities. The fifth study carried out a basic review on sexual dysfunction in transgender persons and presented a proposal for cognitive sexual therapy for this population. The clinical discussion suggested procedures to assess, conceptualize, and treat sexual demands and complaints, highlighting the supportive role of psychologists in gender-based medical procedures. The study also indicates psychotherapeutic interventions that break the strictly behavioral pattern of traditional sex therapy. The sixth study, based on the assumptions of dialectical behavioral therapy, described detailed interventions on how to manage body rumination in transgender individuals who have gender dysphoria. The necessary balance between acceptance and change strategies was emphasized through fictitious vignettes and detailed clinical instructions. The set of studies points out the heterogeneous sexual health experiences in transgender population, demonstrating the impact of mental health impairments on sexual outcomes and the manners on which how prejudice against these individuals negatively affects sexual outcomes. It is concluded that more studies need to be carried out to inform programmatic and affirmative clinical interventions to address sexual health concerns in transgender population
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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