1,720,983 research outputs found
The latest advances on CD8 T cell biology in health and disease
No full textSummary of the content of the article collection focused on the role of CD8 T cells different immunopathologies
Editorial: The Interplay Between Immune Activation and Cardiovascular Disease During Infection, Autoimmunity and Aging: The Role of T Cells
No full textChronic activation of cells of the immune system including T cells and systemic inflammation are well known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many human pathological conditions including viral infections, autoimmune diseases and aging are recognized drivers of increased risk of CVD. Among viral infections, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a contributing risk element to the existing traditional risk factors of atherogenesis; Influenza infection is correlated with ncreased
the risk of cardiovascular events leading to deaths and HIV infection is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. The pandemic of SARS-COV2 infection showed that the severe presentation of the disease manifests with vascular damage and cardiovascular events. Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic disease are also associated with cardiovascular disease. Lastly, in adults over 65 years, the accumulation of age-related phenotypic and functional alterations in immune cells parallels with a decline of the cardiovascular system with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease.
The mechanisms behind are not well defined, and while the role of innate immune cells has been established, the involvement of T cells in promoting vascular pathology and cardiovascular disease has emerged more recently (1). Chronic systemic inflammation and increased circulating levels of cytokines and chemokines can indeed contribute to vascular damage by promoting endothelial cell activation and oxidative stress thus linking to the increased risk of CVD (2, 3). Activation of endothelial cells promotes recruitment of circulating immune cells including T cells that will be activated and differentiate into distinct effector cells contributing to the pathology of the disease (4–6). Endothelial cells in this context have also been proposed to act as “semiprofessional” antigen presenting cells (APC) presenting antigens and providing several costimulatory signals to T cells leading to T cell activation especially at sites defined as endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity sites by Laser Doppler Flowmetry Assessment (7). A milestone in the understanding the role of T cells in promoting vascular inflammation has been reached with the characterization of the immune cell infiltrate in human atherosclerotic plaque by scRNA-seq technology which defined the main subsets of T cells in atherosclerosis (8). This data paved the way for further investigations about the role of T cells as a putative mechanistic link in pathologies associated with an increased risk of CVD. The proposed mechanisms by which T cells contribute to the pathology of the disease include dysregulated T helper and CD8 T cell function, expansion of terminally differentiated cytotoxic effectors CD4+ CD28- T cells and impaired Tregs function. This Research Topic has the aim to provide an overview of the latest advances in the study of the role of T cell activation and endothelial inflammation in cardiovascular risk and disease in the context of infection, autoimmunity and aging. The Research Topic highlights the emerging common and distinctive features of the putative immune mechanistic links between the pathophysiological conditions and the associated cardiovascular disease. The Research Topic comprises 11 articles, original research articles, 5 review and one systematic review and was divided into 3 sections.
1. Endothelial inflammation and T cell activation in CVD associated with infection.
2. T cell mechanisms involved in CVD associated with autoimmune diseases.
3. The immunology of cardiovascular disease during aging
Surface cathepsin B protects cytotoxic lymphocytes from self-destruction after degranulation
No full textBalaji KN, Schaschke N, Machleidt W, Catalfamo M, Henkart PA. Surface cathepsin B protects cytotoxic lymphocytes from self-destruction after degranulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. 2002;196(4):493-503
Analysis of pulegone and its enanthiomeric distribution in mint-flavoured food products.
No full textA procedure for the extraction and determination of pulegone enanthiomers in mint essential oils and mint products (syrups,
dried leaves, toothpaste, lozenges, candy and chewing-gum) was developed. The compounds were recovered from the food
matrices by employing a simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE) technique with a Likens–Nickerson apparatus using
dichloromethane as an extraction solvent. The analyses were performed by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry
(GC/MS). Experiments on food products spiked at different pulegone concentrations showed recoveries ranging
from 95 to 106%. The detection limit was about 5mg l*1 for both pulegone enanthiomers and good linearity was
found in the concentration range 0.5–25mg l*1. In a number of repeated analyses, the pulegone peak height
repeatability (RSD) was 0.2%. The pulegone enanthiomers were separated and quantified by enanthioselective
multidimensional gas chromatography. The results of analyses conducted on essential mint oils and mint-flavoured food
products are reported
Modelling of Polymerization Reactors: the Effect of Temperature Profiles on the Product Molecular Weight Distribution
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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