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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    A comparative ToF-SIMS study of insulating Poly (o-aminophenol) films at different level of electrochemical growth

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    Previous XPS investigations of insulating poly(o-aminophenol), (PoAP), electrosynthesized by cyclic voltammetry on Pt substrates, revealed the formation of a thin film of about 7nm of thickness, firmly adherent onto the electrode surface and stable even under UHV conditions. A constant repeat formula made of alternating quinoneimine and monomer units was derived with polymer chains terminating as carbonyl-type groups. Based on these findings, we have continued our investigation on insulating PoAP by employing ToF-SIMS whose superior surface sensitivity is well known. The aim was to corroborate the polymer structure with particular reference to the top surface layers in view of possible bio-applications and to understand the possible way of interaction with the underlying platinum electrode surface. In order to do this, we analyzed PoAP films grown at different levels of the electrochemical synthesis (1, 5 and 20 scan cycles) and the platinum substrate itself. The individuation of the main characteristic fragments and the behavior of their intensity by varying the stage of the electropolymerization allowed to confirm the polymer structure as well as the presence of terminating carbonyl groups. Remarkably, from the analysis of the PoAP/Pt interface at the early stage of the polymer formation it was possible to discern that polymer chains tend to interact with the electrode surface preferentially by the nitrogen atom of the oxidized monomer
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