1,721,196 research outputs found
On the Unexplained Causes of the Gender Gap in the Labour Market
No full textPurpose: This paper investigates the causes of the gender gap in the labour market that cannot be explained by classical human capital theory.
Design: To this end, the authors integrate the GGLMI, a composite index on the Gender Gap in the Labour Market developed in previous research, with further information on some social aspects that could affect the female work commitment, directly or indirectly. In particular, the authors want to verify if family care and home duties are still strongly unbalanced against women, and whether the welfare system plays a significant role in the gender gap.
Findings: Results highlight a very complex scenario, characterized by the persistence of gender inequalities everywhere, even if at different degrees, with very strong imbalances in the time spent at work in response to the family commitments.
Research limitations: The actual determinants of gender disparities in the labour market are very difficult to identify, because of the lack of adequate data and the difficulties in measuring some factors determining female behaviour. The additional information used in this research can only partially accomplish this task.
Originality/value: However, for the first time the paper uses information on different aspects and causes of the gender gap, including proxies of mainly unobservable aspects, in order to achieve at least partial measurement of this phenomenon
Credit Default Swaps and Rating Announcements
No full textThis paper studies the reactions of Credit Default Swap (CDS) to rating announcements. Credit rating agencies make
multiple announcements, some of which are intended to reflect the latest information available about a firm and others
to provide a stable signal of credit quality. Applying event study methodology to data on CDS, we examine whether
these markets respond to rating announcements. Since CDS quotes are considered the market price of credit risk, we
assume they should show prompt reactions to the changes in credit quality of the reference firm. The aim of the paper
is to show how the CDS market may provide timely signs of increased credit risk and may represent a crucial tool for
risk measurement and management
CDS price volatility: the key signal
No full textThis paper investigates the role of CDS volatility in providing infor-
mation concerning the credit quality of a company.
In Castellano and D Ecclesia (2011) a rst analysis of how CDS quotes
respond to rating announcements is provided and it is shown that market participants do not rely much on Rating Agencies, especially during pe-
riods characterized by very high volatility, i.e. during the nancial crisis.
Here, a more accurate analysis of the CDS s ability in providing timely
information of the creditworthiness of reference entities is performed estimating the volatility of CDS quotes using Exponential GARCH(1,1)
models. The event study methodology is then applied to a sample of CDS quotes for US and European markets, over the period 2004-2009. Re-
sults provide an accurate understanding of market behavior in presence
of news released by Rating Agencies. Overall, market participants seem
to provide timely reactions around the event date and we show that the key element of signaling is represented by the changing volatility in CDS quotes, before and after the rating even
Using geographically weighted regressions to explore spatial heterogeneity of land use influencing factors in Campania (Southern Italy)
No full textThe progressive artificial covering of originally natural surfaces (land consumption) is a major concern of today’s societies due to the implications for the environment and the availability of land resources. This study aims to explore the local variations in the effects of the main socio-demographic, economic and institutional determinants of land consumption in Campania (southern Italy). Using data from official sources for 2020 at the municipal level, geographically weighted regression was run to address local variations through a set of coefficients as a function of spatial location. One of the main elements of novelty of this study is that it links research on land use influencing factors to such a high level of geographic detail (all 550 Campanian municipalities), while controlling for spatial non-stationarity and morphological characteristics. Understanding how the impact of the determinants varies across municipalities can help local policy makers adopt the regulatory instruments
for land use management envisaged by law. The results show that the levels of land consumption are not aligned with the real demand and carrying capacity of several areas of the region, suggesting that: i) knowing the local specificities explaining land consumption is the prerequisite for preserving environmental quality and ecosystem services; ii) better quality local institutions are needed to curb unbalanced land consumption and to guide spatial planning in support of sustainable land management
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sustainable urban mobility: evidence from three developed European countries
Full text linkThe importance acquired by private cars as the leading travel mode in most advanced countries has drawn attention to concerns related to pro-environmental travel behaviour. Indeed, the car has brought great benefits to society, albeit causing a whole lot of environmental and socio-economic consequences. In this perspective, we exploit Eurobarometer data on the attitudes of Europeans towards urban mobility to investigate the main motivations of citizens’ public transport use frequency. Ordered logistic regressions are estimated by country (Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands) and by gender. Our results suggest the key role played by a comprehensive set of socio-demographic, economic, and environmental aspects in determining urban travel behaviour. Moreover, our investigation brings to light some relevant cross-country and cross-gender commonalities and differences. The provided evidence may give policymakers a better knowledge of travel behaviour, useful for designing new interventions for environmentally-sustainable travelling
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