1,721,009 research outputs found
Re/combining knowledge and innovative activities
No full textThe aim of this Special Issue of the “European Journal of Social and Economic System” is to collect a series of papers which deal with the issue of knowledge recombination and innovation, adopting different perspectives and using different
methodologies
Acquisitions, inventors' turnover, and innovation: evidence from the pharmaceutical industry
No full textThere is robust evidence that M&As in the pharmaceutical sector have a negative impact on firms' patent output. In this paper we use data from the European Patent Office to investigate whether this decrease in patenting observed at firm level is associated with a halt in inventors’ activity - i.e. human capital loss due to inventors’ exit- or rather a migration of inventors of target firms to other research labs - i.e. human capital reallocation due to inventors’ departure. We estimate that acquisitions are associated with an increase in exit rates of targets’ inventors between 6 and 15 percentage points and of their departure rates ranging from 12 to18 percentage points. We find similar results are obtained for large and small deals and that top inventors of targets are also more likely to exit or to leave when an acquisition takes place. Our results show that, for each inventor that exits, 3.5 patents are foregone: a loss of 35 percent of the expected output these scientists could have produced over their careers. Inventors who relocate to a different lab also generate 2 fewer patents compared to similar control scientists, representing a 30 percent decrease in their productivity. Our finding suggests that concentrations are associated with a substantial loss in both worker and consumer welfare
The evolution of trade and scientific collaboration networks in the global wine sector: a longitudinal study using network analysis
No full textNo abstract availabl
European policy favoring networks in ICT
No full textThis chapter advocates the use of social network analysis to evaluate aspects of public programmes supporting research and development. For the specific empirical analysis, the chapter draws on a recent study that appraised the partnership and knowledge networks created locally and globally in relation to the Information Society Research and Technological Development (IST-RTD) programmes of the Sixth Research Framework Programme (FP6) of the European Community. It is found that the examined IST-RTD programmes play an important role in generating and diffusing knowledge by managing to attract key industry actors and by creating and increasing network connectivity. We argue that public policy should try to facilitate the development of more European organizations that can be characterized as Global Network Hubs and to draw larger numbers of the most technologically dynamic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) into these programmes. The typical appraisals of RTD expenditures have tended to concentrate in the past on the additionality of public funding in terms of either the resources added into the system (input additionality) and/or the extra private and social returns created (output/outcome additionality). Such appraisals have, however, tended to miss the sustainable effects beyond the infusion of resources and/or the extraction of outputs that such investments create, such as improving the competencies, capabilities, organizational structures and strategies of firms (behavioural additionality)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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