1,720,958 research outputs found
Personality disorders and criminal responsibility in Italy: forensic psychiatric considerations about the importance of going beyond a categorical view
No full textIn 2005 the Italian Supreme Court held that also persons suffering from “severe personality disorders” may enter a plea of non-responsibility if, at the time of an alleged crime, they were under such severe stress that they decompensated into a mental state during which they were unable to appreciate the nature, quality and
consequences of their behavior or to conform their conduct to the requirements of the law.
Since then, offenders with personality disorders have become a challenge for the Italian forensic psychiatric system, because criminal offenders have a high rate of personality disorders and the identification of the “severe” threshold is particularly hard in a jurisdiction which includes the volitional prong.
The aim of this study is to determine how personality disorders are viewed in relation to criminal responsibility within the Italian criminal system, discussing the results in the light of the evidences from the international literature.
We conducted a retrospective study of sentences of the Italian Supreme Court from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2010, collected via a judicial database and we reviewed the articles published in English from 2000 to 2010 with the keywords “personality disorder”, “criminal responsibility”, “insanity defense”, “volitional/cognitive capacities”.
The results of the sentences study indicate that personality disorders have become very frequent in Italian insanity defense cases. The most frequently occurring are antisocial, borderline and non otherwise specified. The majority of these were associated with another Axis I disorder, in particular with substance abuse.
According to the literature, the proof of a “mental disease” is necessary, but not sufficient, to establish an “insanity defense”, because from a forensic psychiatric standpoint the necessary conditions whereby a mental disorder can take on the meaning of “insanity” should be that it has caused, in the specific case, such “psychopathological functioning” of the acting subject as to compromise his capacity for cognition and/or volition and that it was causally linked with the crime
Immaturità” e psicopatologia: prospettive e limiti della valutazione psichiatrico-forense del minorenne autore di reato. Considerazioni su un caso peritale
No full textIn ambito giuspenalistico il termine di “minore età” assume una particolare importanza per quanto riguarda l’accertamento dell’imputabilità del soggetto autore di reato. A fronte della presunzione di non imputabilità per il minore degli anni 14, circa il minorenne con età compresa tra i 14 ed i 18 anni, infatti, l’esclusione dell’imputabilità può essere connessa non solo a condizioni propriamente patologiche (“infermità”), ma anche a caratteristiche specifiche dell’età minore (c.d. “immaturità”).
Al fine di approfondire alcune delle complessità sottese alle categorie concettuali delineate dal Diritto e di stimolare nuove riflessioni criteriologiche circa la valutazione della imputabilità del minorenne autore di reato, viene presentato un caso peculiare in cui i confini tra normalità e malattia, fisiologico e patologico, “immaturità” ed “infermità” sono quanto mai sottili ed intricati, soprattutto a fronte della presenza di un elemento ulteriore: l’esclusivo legame intercorrente tra i due autori del reato, un fratello ancora infradiciottenne ed una sorella appena maggiorenne
Myelopathy due to intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula with perimedullary venous drainage: medico-legal considerations on a case of diagnostic pitfall
No full textViolence and Epilepsy: The Importance of prompt identification of post-ictal Psychosis-description of a case
No full textValutazione dell'epoca della morte in due casi di asfissia da confinamento in ambiente ad alta temperatura.
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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