1,720,960 research outputs found
L'Islam: un pensiero diverso sulla realtà umana
No full textThis article explores how the Islamic world views the mental reality of human beings, pointing out the strong differences that emerge when compared to the Western world. The authors compare the Bible and the Koran, analyze a number of written sources and interview people of Islamic origin. It becomes evident that the West has always been influenced by the belief that original sin exists and therefore man is an innately wicked creature. This leads one to think that the reality of humans is one of scission and of conflict between good and evil, corresponding respectively to reason and irrationality. This type of thinking, evidently, does not allow us to carry out research into the human mind. In the Koran, instead, original sin is forgiven, and human reality is not viewed as split, offering the Islamic world the premises for carrying out research into the mental reality of humans, something, however, it has not done. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved
Immigrati: una sfida per la psichiatria
No full textStemming from an experience had with immigrant psychiatric patients within the Françoise Minkowska Centre in Paris, specialized in the field of transcultural psychiatry and whose working method is here illustrated, the article questions, in general, the reactions that the immigrant patient evokes in the psychiatrist and the influence he exerts on the latter’s professional training. If we consider the fact that the current professional training of a psychiatrist does not offer an adequate preparation, the authors claim that the relationship with the foreign patient enriches the psychiatrist by forcing him to take a deeper and more complete look at the patient
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Apoptogenic effect of fentanyl on freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes
No full textackground: Opioids may trigger the apoptotic death of widely ranging cell types, and apoptosis contributes to the immune deficiency of critically ill patients and sub- jects experiencing surgical trauma. There is evidence that an altered mitochondrial membrane potential constitutes an early and irreversible step in the death-signaling pathway of apoptosis. This study investi- gated whether fentanyl, a opioid widely used in the management of these patients, may induce apoptosis of T cells by altering their mitochondrial membrane potential.Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that the tran- sient immune deficiency syndrome along with lymphocyto- penia commonly seen in the early postoperative period after surgical trauma could be dependent on the increased lympho- cyte commitment to apoptosis.4,5 This could be a crucial factor in the susceptibility of patients receiving opioids to septic complications, but the ultimate mechanism underlying such a loss of lymphocytes via apoptotic death in the imme- diate postoperative period has not yet been elucidated. In particular, it is not clear whether anesthetic drugs, in addition to surgical stress alone, could be directly implicated in this phenomenon. Fentanyl, one of the most widely used synthetic opioids for anesthesia procedures, duplicates the action of morphine as a opiate receptor agonist, but to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has yet investigated whether exposure to fentanyl interferes with the process of apoptotic cell death. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondria ac- tively participate in the central control or executioner phase of the cell death cascade.6,7 This crucial role of mitochondria in apoptosis modulation is reinforced by the results obtained from distinct approaches, establishing that mitochondria can contribute to programmed cell death via the production of cell death–signaling reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as su- peroxide anions, hydrogen, organic peroxides, and radicals. copy. Furthermore, production of reactive oxygen species, expression of the Fas-Fas L pro-apoptotic pathway, and apoptosis fre- quency were measured by means of flow cytometry. Control cells were incubated for the same times in the complete culture me- dium without the drug. Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly increased rate (p < 0.05) of lymphocytes with disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential after incubation with fentanyl for 90 and 120 minutes, as compared with both control cells and lymphocytes cultured in the presence of fentanyl for 60 minutes. In addition, as early as 60 minutes after exposure to fentanyl, cells displayed a disrupted mitochondrial membrane po- tential when this was assayed by meansMethods: Peripheral blood lympho- cytes were cultured in the presence of 30 ng fentanyl for 60 (time 1), 90 (time 2), and 120 (time 3) minutes, respectively. The cells then were processed for assessment of mitochon- drial membrane potential by means of flow cytometry and confocal scanning micros- of confocal laser scanning. These find- ings were associated with increased pro- duction of reactive oxygen species. The frequency of apoptotic lymphocytes was markedly increased (p < 0.05) after 120 minutes of incubation, as compared with untreated cells and cells exposed to fen- tanyl for only 60 and 90 minutes. Ex- pression of Fas-FasL was not substan- tially affected by exposure to fentanyl. Conclusions: Fentanyl may induce a time-dependent apoptosis of lymphocytes by altering their mitochondrial redox metabolism. Key Words: Fentanyl, Surgical trauma, Apoptosis, Programmed cell death, Criti- cally ill patient, Lymphocyte, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial membrane potential, Reac- tive oxygen species, Opioids
High cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a possible role for increased oxidative stress.
No full textEvaluation of mental uneasiness, perceived stress and pathway of a care between a sample of 1560 university students
No full textMental uneasiness, perceived stress and help-seeking in a non-resident university student sample
No full textIl passaggio dal liceo all’università rappresenta quella che altrove è stata definita una “rivoluzione copernicana” (Fiori Nastro et al., 2008). Questo passaggio avviene in una fascia d’età compresa tra i 18 e i 20 anni, periodo estremamente delicato per quanto attiene le patologie psichiatriche dal momento che è stato stimato che il 75% dei disturbi mentali gravi esordisce entro i 24 anni (Patel et al., 2007; Costello et al., 2003)
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