1,720,958 research outputs found
La regolazione epigenetica della relazione primaria
No full textI recenti progressi nel campo dell’epigenetica hanno spostato l’attenzione dall’osservazione delle dinamiche fisiologiche intragenomiche
all’idea di una co-costruzione ambientale della tipizzazione fenotipica. In ambito psicodinamico, l’apertura dei teorici delle relazioni
oggettuali e dell’attaccamento alla dimensione interpersonale dello sviluppo individuale ha posto l’attenzione su una strutturazione
identitaria di matrice relazionale. La configurazione di tratti stabili emotivo-comportamentali attraverso gli stili di cura parentali, infatti, trova
un corrispettivo negli studi etologici che hanno indagato i processi epigenetici alla base della relazione tra accudimento e responsività del
sistema HPA allo stress. I diversi stili di parenting favorirebbero la regolazione affettiva attraverso modulatori psicobiologici nascosti che tenderebbero
a riequilibrare l’omeostasi dei sistemi fisiologici, mentre stili di attaccamento insicuro favorirebbero l’insorgenza del carico allostatico
da stress. Sono stati inoltre identificati nell’uomo siti di suscettibilità epigenetica longlife che, sebbene associati a un rischio di sviluppo
maladattivo in condizioni ambientali avverse, conferiscono un vantaggio in condizioni favorevoli. Il perdurare della possibilità riorganizzativa
di tratti stabili nel corso della vita, attivata dalla presenza di stimoli ambientali rilevanti, attribuirebbe alle relazioni significative, compresa
quella terapeutica, una capacità implicita di ricondizionamento e di formazione di nuovi stili emotivo-comportamentali stabili
Perinatal depression and patterns of attachment: a critical risk factor?
Full text linkBackground. This study aims to verify if the presence and severity of perinatal depression are related to any particular pattern of attachment. Methods. The study started with a screening of a sample of 453 women in their third trimester of pregnancy, who were administered a survey data form, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Experience in Close Relationship (ECR). A clinical group of subjects with perinatal depression (PND, 89 subjects) was selected and compared with a control group (C), regarding psychopathological variables and attachment patterns. Results. The ECR showed a prevalence of “Fearful-Avoidant” attachment style in PND group (29.2% versus 1.1%, < 0.001); additionally, the EPDS average score increases with the increasing of ECR dimensions (Avoidance and Anxiety). Conclusion. The severity of depression increases proportionally to attachment disorganization; therefore, we consider attachment as both an important risk factor as well as a focus for early psychotherapeutic intervention
Consumo di caffè nei disturbi depressivi: una dose giusta, non per tutti.
No full textAssunzione di caffè nei disturbi depressivi. quadro bifasico degli effetti stimolanti della caffeina: a dosi basso- moderate può correlare con potenziale riduzione del rischio depressivi nei soggetti sani e miglioramento di molti sintomi clinici nei pazienti depressi; l'assunzione invece di alte dosi può indurre disregolazione dell'equilibrio timico, peggiorare i profili circadiani e i sintomi d'ansia e favorire stati affettivi di tipo misto.Wee observed a biphasic profile in caffeine psychostimulant effect: low to moderate doses may correlate with a reduction in depressive risk in healthy subjects and an improvement of many clinical symptoms in depressed pazitients, whereas the assumption of high doses may result in thymic dysregulation, favor mixed affective states and worsen circadian profile and anxiety symptoms
Depressione perinatale e relazioni affettive. l'experience in close relationship in gravidanza
No full textRIASSUNTO. Scopo. Lo studio si propone di indagare l’influenza della vulnerabilità psicopatologica, dello stile di “attaccamento romantico” e degli eventi di vita stressanti sul rischio di sviluppare una depressione in gravidanza e sulla gravità dei sintomi depressivi. Metodi. È stato effettuato uno screening su un campione di 453 donne, durante il terzo trimestre di gravidanza, alle quali sono state somministrate una scheda raccolta dati, l’Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) e l’Experience in Close Relationship (ECR). Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti alla EPDS, sono stati selezionati un gruppo clinico di donne con depressione in gravidanza (D=89) e un gruppo di controllo (C=89), confrontati in relazione a: variabili psicopatologiche e sociali, esposizione a eventi di vita stressanti e stile di attaccamento. Sono state condotte analisi di correlazione per valutare l’influenza dei fattori presi in esame sulla gravità della sintomatologia depressiva. Risultati. L’anamnesi psichiatrica personale e quella familiare risultano positive rispettivamente nel 52,8% e nel 49,4% delle donne del gruppo D. Il 29,2% del campione clinico riporta una conflittualità con la famiglia di origine e il 32,6% con il partner. L’ECR mostra uno stile di attaccamento prevalente di tipo “Timoroso” nel gruppo D (29,2% vs 1,1%, p=0,000); inoltre, le dimensioni della ECR (“Evitamento”, “Ansietà”) correlano con la gravità dei sintomi depressivi. Conclusioni. Una storia familiare positiva per disturbi psichiatrici e un attaccamento romantico insicuro possono rappresentare fattori di rischio significativi per lo sviluppo di una depressione perinatale.
PAROLE CHIAVE: depressione perinatale, fattori di rischio, experience in close relationship, stili di attaccamento.SUMMARY. Aim. This study aims to investigate the influence of the “romantic attachment” style, stressful life events, social factors on the risk of developing a depression during pregnancy and on the severity of depressive symptoms. Methods. The study started with a screening on a sample of 453 women, during their third trimester of pregnancy, to which has been administered a survey data form, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Experience in Close Relationship (ECR). Based on the results at EPDS, a clinical group of pre-natal depression (D=89) was selected and compared with a control group (C=89), in regards to psychopathological and social variables, exposure to stressful life events and attachment patterns. Analysis of correlation were performed to evaluate the influence of these factors on depressive symptoms severity. Results. In D group, 52.8% of subjects reported previous psychiatric disorders and 49.4% a familiarity; 29.2% of these women complains of conflicts with their family of origin and 32.6% with partner. The ECR showed a prevalence of “fearful-avoidant” attachment style in clinical group (29.2% vs 1.1%, p=0.000); besides, ECR dimensions (“Avoidance”, “Anxiety”), correlate with the severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusions. Positive family history for psychiatric disorders and an insecure romantic attachment might influence the development and the severity of perinatal depression.
KEY WORDS: perinatal depression, risk factors, experience in close relationship, attachment styles
Perinatal and postpartum depression: From attachment to personality. A pilot study
No full textObjectives: The perinatal period is associated with an increased risk for affective disorders, with consequences on mother's interaction with the newborn baby and on child development. The prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) ranges between 10 and 20% in the general population. This study investigates the prevalence of perinatal depression and the role of sociodemographic variables, personality structure and maternal attachment style in PPD in order to identify potential primary and secondary prevention strategies. Methods: Data were collected in two phases. During the third trimester, a sample of 253 women completed a Socio-demographic Data Sheet and the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS). Among patients scoring 12 or more at EPDS, 22 entered the second phase of the study and were compared with healthy controls. Diagnosis of PPD was confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and both groups completed the Experience in Close Relationship (ECR) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) questionnaires. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms based on the EPDS score (cut-off ≥ 12) was 19.3% in perinatal period, according to literature data. The presence of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with previous psychiatric disorders (χ2 = 12.8, p < 0.01), family history of psychiatric disorders (χ2 = 4.5, p < 0.05), family conflict (χ2 = 5.9, p < 0.05), dissatisfaction with partner (χ2 = 11.5, p < 0.01), economic difficulties of partner (χ2 = 5.9, p < 0.05), inadequate family support (χ2 = 4.1, p < 0.05) and inadequate partner support (χ2 = 6.7, p = 0.01). Postpartum depressive symptoms were associated with an insecure attachment style (ECR anxious and avoidant attachment scores: χ2 = 4.7, p < 0.05 and χ2 = 5.9, p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls. In 60% of depressed mothers, the MMPI-2 revealed specific patterns such as a "4-6 configuration", known as "Passive-Aggressive Valley": it reveals individuals demanding and over-identified with the traditional feminine role, with high levels of dependence, unexpressed hostility and poor coping strategies. Conclusions: An approach to post-natal affective disorders that includes psychological factors such as personality structure and attachment style could improve prevention and therapeutic strategies, and provide depressed mothers with specific interventions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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