1,723,922 research outputs found
LA TERAPIA DI FONDO DELL'ARTRITE REUMATOIDE E DELL'ARTRITE PSORIASICA: ANALOGIE E DIFFERENZE NELLA PRATICA CLINICA
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Quark number fractionalization in N=2 supersymmetric SU(2)xU(1)(Nf) gauge theories
No full textPhysical quark-number charges of dyons are determined, via a formula which generalizes that of Witten for the electric charge, in N = 2 supersymmetric theories with SU(2) x U(1)(Nf) gauge group. The quark numbers of the massless monopole at a nondegenerate singularity of the space of vacua turn out to vanish in all cases. A puzzle related to CP invariant cases is solved. Generalization of our results to SU(N-c) x U(1)(Nf) gauge theories is straightforward
Dynamical symmetry breaking in supersymmetric SU(n(c)) and USp(2n(c)) gauge theories RID A-4286-2011
No full textWe find the phase and flavor symmetry breaking pattern of each N = 1 supersymmetric vacuum of SU(n(C)) and USp(2n(C)) gauge theories, constructed from the exactly solvable N = 2 theories by perturbing them with small adjoint and generic bare hypermultiplet (quark) masses. In SU(n(C)) theories with nf less than or equal to n(C) the vacua are labelled by an integer r, in which the flavor U(nf) symmetry is dynamically broken to U(r) x U(nf - r) in the limit of vanishing bare hyperquark masses. In the I = I vacua the dynamical symmetry breaking is caused by the condensation of magnetic monopoles in the nf representation: For general r, however, the monopoles in the.IC, representation, whose condensation could explain the flavor symmetry breaking but would produce too-many Nambu-Goldstone multiplets, actually "break up" into "magnetic quarks'': the latter with nonabelian interactions condense and induce confinement and dynamical symmetry breaking. In USp(2n(C)) theories with n f less than or equal to n(C) the flavor SO(2nS) symmetry is dynamically broken to U(nf), but with no description in terms of a weakly coupled local field theory. In both SU(n(C)) and USp(2n(C)) theories, with larger numbers of quark flavors, besides the vacua with these properties, there exist also vacua in free magnetic phase, with unbroken global symmetry. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Constitutional Degradation in a Time of Coronavirus: Reflecting on Governmental Accountability in the United Kingdom and Italy
No full textThe pandemic acted as an accelerator of pre-existing trends that see an overall dominance of Governments over legislative bodies, which are increasingly struggling to oversee executive power. This was the case both in the UK and in Italy, where the governments adopted specific institutional arrangements to manage the health crisis which did not necessarily include a prior involvement of the legislative body. An overview of the legal framework and of the instruments that the two legal orders used to face the pandemic highlights a common trend, and that is the preference for executive law-making to manage emergencies. The way statutory instruments and statutory decrees are used respectively in the UK and in Italy are issues that pre-exist the pandemic, but an analysis of their use throughout the emergency particularly sheds light on specific structural weaknesses which are evident in both exceptional and normal times, and that relate to the two Parliaments' difficulties in keeping up with the executives' law-making activity. Considering that Parliament's inability to oversee Government gives rise to a series of problems which relate more generally to the institutional arrangement of a parliamentary democracy, it is necessary to reflect about Parliament's traditional functions and ask whether these are still adequate as the legal and political systems change. The oversight and steering functions still are one of the most fundamental and determining elements of a parliamentary form of government, but as the two experiences have showed, procedures need to be re-adapted as the Government has become the main legislative actor. For these reasons it is worth exploring post-legislative scrutiny as an instrument to hold the executive into account and to counterbalance its increasing monopoly of decision-making
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
On the Beta Function in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories
No full textWe re-examine perturbative and nonperturbative aspects of the beta function
in N=1 and N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories, make comments on the recent
literature on the subject and discuss the exactness of several known results
such as the NSVZ beta function
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