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Serum disposition of bovine lactoferrin after oral and anal administration and its proteolytic cleavage by gastric transit in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)
No full textSeveral studies have shown an immunomodulatory effect of orally administered
bovine lactoferrin (LF) in fish, but the process of digestion was not characterized.
In the present study, we investigated the fate of bovine LF after oral and anal administration,
and studied the appearance of intact LF in the bloodstream and its proteolytic attack
during the gastric transit in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) held at 9 C and 18 C.
Data obtained showed the presence of intact bovine LF in the bloodstream only after anal
administration in fish held at 18 C and the presence of several peptides derived from bovine
LF in the gastric content. Immunoblotting analysis showed that only a part of bovine LF-derived
peptides reacted with the applied anti-bovine LF antibody. The concentration of intact bovine
LF, after 30 min of administration, in the gastric content of fish reared at 18 C, being extremely
low, if any, led us to suspect that the immunoregulatory effect of dietary bovine LF shown in
fish by several authors is not due to the intact form but to bioactive fragments, originated by
the proteolytic attack during the gastric transit, as demonstrated in higher vertebrates.
a 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SEMINAL PLASMA OF BROWN TROUT, SALMO TRUTTA FARIO (L.) CONTAINS A FACTOR ABLE TO RETAIN IRON AT ACID PH, TYPICAL FEATURE OF LACTOFERRIN.
No full textBlood and seminal plasma of brown trout Salmo trutta fario were analyzed for their iron binding potential
adopting two different methods. Seminal plasma showed an iron binding capacity that was retained even
if samples were exposed at acid pH, similarly to mammalian lactoferrin that binds ferric iron also at acid
pH. This suggests that the iron binding capacity is determined by a factor having a lactoferrin-like
activity. Moreover, trout seminal plasma proteins were also analyzed in their pattern by sodium dodecyl
sulphate polyacrylamide gel elecrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electroblotted onto nitrocellulose
membrane. When seminal plasma was subjected to immunoblotting using goat anti-bovine lactoferrin
antibodies as a probe, only a single band having an apparent molecular weight of around 80 kDa was
specifically detected, showing that this protein has homology with bovine lactoferrin
Acid-base balace in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) in relation to water oxygen concentration.
No full textNatural antibodies and their relationship with total immunoglobulins and acquired antibody response in goat kid (Capra hircus, L. 1758)serum
No full textNatural antibodies (NAb)are antibodies that can bind to a particular antigen without any apparent antigenic stimulation. In this paper, a careful analysis has been carried out on NAb levels in goat kid serum; possible correlations with the total immunoglobulin (tot-Ig)levels and specific antibody (SpAb)response were considered. Twenty randomly chosen kids were submitted to a first blood sampling (day 0). After 60 and 100 days, new blood samplings were carried out in the same animals. On day 0, after blood collection, all animals were immunized with a commercial vaccine; the immunization was repeated 30 days apart. Some exogenous antigens were tested to verify their immunoreactivity to NAb. Among them, the synthetic hapten 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)conjugated with bovine serum albumin, resulted as the antigen with the higher immunoreactivity to NAb. Tot-Ig levels increased over time (p < 0.001). On the contrary, NAb levels, both IgG- and IgM-isotypes, significantly decreased during the experimental period (p < 0.001 and <0.05, respectively). Linear regression analyses showed a high correlation between IgM-NAb and tot-IgM levels (p < 0.001)at all the evaluated sampling times. However, a significant correlation between IgG-NAb and IgM-NAb was found only at the 1 st (p < 0.01)and at the 2 nd sampling (p < 0.05). No significant correlations were found between SpAb response and the other assessed humoral immune parameters. The obtained results are discussed in the light of the possible use of NAb assessment for the evaluation of the immune system activity in goat
Classification of wine grape biotypes according to their variety and sanitary condition by fingerprinting untargeted analysis
Full text linkGrapes secondary metabolites content mainly depends on variety, but also on climate and cultural conditions, including sanitary status. This study aimed to use a metabolomic fingerprinting approach for grouping 72 wine grape biotypes, Negro amaro n. (N), Malvasia nera di Brindisi/Lecce n. (M), and Uva di Troia n. (U), on the basis of their cultivar and virological conditions. The skins were extracted and analysed by flow injection mass spectrometry; a one-way ANOVA/Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to efficiently cluster the samples, recognizing M from N and U biotypes. Conversely, the clusterisation of the biotypes affected by different virus complexes was really more tough and a clear distinction among infected plants was not always observed. However, very interestingly, by applying ANOVA/PCA to the biotypes of each varieties, singularly, healthy biotypes were sharply separated in all the varieties and a relationship between anthocyanin compounds and Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV3) slightly appeared
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evaluation of in vitro endocytosis and antibody synthesis by rainbow trout head kidney cells treated with bovine lactoferrin.
No full textBovine lactoferrin (LF) was evaluated for its capacity to modulate the in vitro endocytosis
(phagocytosis and pinocytosis) and antibody synthesis by head kidney cells of rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss. Phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of head kidney macrophages,
determined by measurement of ingested yeast, were influenced by bovine LF starting from the
LF concentration of 1 and 01 mgml1, respectively. Endocytosis, determined by the evaluation
of droplet uptake of neutral red dye solution, was significantly enhanced by 10 mgml1 of LF.
In contrast, antibody synthesis by head kidney cells, evaluated by immunoenzymatic assay,
from fish immunized against human-g-globulins (HGG) in vivo was not affected by bovine LF.
Although these results showed that bovine LF had no effect on specific immunoglobulin
production in vitro, an enhancement of the acquired immune response may be assumed in LFtreated
fish in vivo, as observed in higher vertebrates
Enhancement of pH-resistant iron binding activity in supernatants of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) blood leucocytes by in vitro treatment with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA).
No full textLeucocyte lysates from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss showed an iron-binding activity
that was retained even if the samples were exposed to an acid pH (45). Iron-binding activity of
leucocyte supernatants was enhanced by the presence of 1 mgml1 phorbol-12-myristate-13-
acetate in the cell medium
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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