1,721,040 research outputs found
Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatrics: Old Concepts Revised, New Concepts Discussed
No full textThe worldwide epidemic of childhood obesity in the last decades is responsible for the occurrence in pediatrics of disorders once mainly found in adults, such as the metabolic syndrome. A key factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, a phenomenon occurring mainly in obese subjects with a general resistance to the insulin effect only on carbohydrates metabolism. Given that the metabolic syndrome is driven by obesity, the prevalence of the latter will strongly influence the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. This article addresses the causes of metabolic syndrome and the relevance of obesity in the pediatric population. © 2009
The impact of environmental pollution on metabolic health and the risk of non-communicable chronic metabolic diseases in humans
Full text linkAims: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview to understand the role of pollution in the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), with a focus on metabolic diseases. Data synthesis: In the context of NCDs, the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate. In addition to the well-known role of the so-called “obesogenic” environment, characterized by unhealthy diet and physical inactivity, great attention has been paid in recent years to the effects of pollution. Indeed, progressive urbanization has been associated with increased exposure to pollutants. The harmful effects of some pollutants on the endocrine system have been known for decades, but data on the metabolic impact of pollution are rather recent. Pollution in its various forms promotes a systemic inflammatory state, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, which appear to be closely associated with increased risk of NCD, particularly obesity and diabetes. Conclusions: In conclusion, urbanization has so far had a predominantly negative impact on collective health, but a better understanding of the mechanisms linking pollution to metabolic health is crucial to implement preventive strategies, including careful urban planning to improve community health, understood not only as the absence of disease but also as psychological and social well-being, overcoming the risks associated with urbanization. © 2025 The Author
Rare Variants in Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene (MC4R) Are Associated with Increased Visceral Fat and Altered Glucose Metabolism Independent of the Effect of Obesity in Children
No full textMelanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) mutations result in early-onset obesity, but it is unclear how they affect abdominal fat distribution, intrahepatic fat, and related metabolic sequelae. 484 overweight/obese (BMI >85th percentile for age, sex, and height) youth (6-21 years) were screened for functionally damaging, rare variants (minor allele frequency <0.01) in the coding region of MC4R and were assigned to a Pathogenic Variant (n=10) or No Variant (n=474) group. Participants underwent MC4R sequencing, abdominal MRI, and a 180-minute oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with mathematical modeling of insulin kinetics and β cell function. Compared to No Variant group, the Pathogenic Variant group showed greater visceral fat (Figure 1A) , intrahepatic fat (Figure 1B) , and higher plasma glucose (Figure 1C) and insulin (Figure 1D) during the OGTT, as well as a delayed glucose peak (65.4 ± 3.71 vs. 58.8 ± 0.417 minutes; P=0.036) , insulin resistance (WBISI: 0.9± 0.163 vs. 1.82 ± 0.051; P=0.0006) , and lower insulin clearance (0.441 ± 0.065 vs. 0.6± 0.012 μU/mL/min; P=0.033) despite similar BMI z-scores (P=0.189) and body fat percentage (P=0.704) between groups. These results show that rare variants in MC4R are associated with increased visceral fat, intrahepatic fat, and insulin resistance, independent from the effect of obesity
Mechanistic Insights Into the Heterogeneity of Glucose Response Classes in Youths With Obesity: A Latent Class Trajectory Approach
No full textIn a large, multiethnic cohort of youths with obesity, we analyzed pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms underlying variations in plasma glucose responses to a 180 min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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