1,720,980 research outputs found
Energieversorgungscenter Dresden-Wilschdorf (C-938/19): Establishing the boundaries of a cogeneration installation for the free allocation of emission allowances
No full textPeer-to-peer trading and energy community in the electricity market : analysing the literature on law and regulation and looking ahead to future challenges
Get PDFThe threat of climate change, significant growth in the number of prosumers and local energy generation, and the development of new technologies enabling new business models are all contributing to rapid change in the electricity sector. Within this context, peer-to-peer (P2P) trading and energy community (EC) are new, emerging modes of transacting energy that defy the traditional hierarchies based on vertical agreements between energy providers at the retail level and consumers. This article has two interlinked purposes. Firstly, it surveys existing published research that addresses the descriptive and normative legal aspects regarding the design and implementation of P2P trading and EC in the Europe Union. The second purpose of this article is to look forward. Designing and implementing markets for P2P trading and EC are complex challenges. Therefore, this article’s chief contribution is to provide an overview of the various legal issues that could or will arise in the wake of P2P trading and EC. Based on the literature review findings, the article lays out in clear terms the current gaps in knowledge. Our legal reasoning includes both sector-specific regulation and general fields of law. The remainder of the article is structured as follows. Section 2 clarifies the concepts of P2P trading and EC, as used throughout this article. Section 3 develops the literature review in the context of P2P trading. Session 4 does the same for EC. Section 5 concludes.This publication is part of the work of the Global Observatory on Peer-to-Peer, Community Self-Consumption and Transactive Energy Models (GO-P2P), part of the User-Centred Energy Systems Technology Collaboration Programme (Users TCP) run under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA). GO-P2P benefits from the support of Australia, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and United State
Conceptualizing ‘Energy Sharing’ as an Activity of ‘Energy Communities’ under EU Law: Towards Social Benefits for Consumers?
Get PDFThe Electricity Market Directive and the Renewable Energy Directive introduced ‘energy sharing’ as a novel activity of energy communities, but they do not further specify what ‘sharing’ entails. This article aims to clarify the meaning of ‘energy sharing’ for consumers in the context of ‘energy communities’. Due to their distinctive governance structure and purpose, as established by the Directives, ‘energy communities’ can potentially contribute to facilitating energy democracy and energy justice at the consumer level by setting the relevant context for interpreting ‘energy sharing’. This implies that from a legal perspective ‘energy sharing’ needs to be understood beyond the paradigm of the sharing economy, but as a cultural trait. So far, provisions on ‘energy communities’ and even more on energy sharing have not been (sufficiently) implemented by many EU Member States, calling for clarification and guidance of what those concepts entail, in particular their potential for operationalising energy democracy and energy justice at consumer level. This article proposes a conceptual framework for further investigating the question how ‘energy sharing’ should be defined and operationalised in the EU but also at national levels
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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