1,720,982 research outputs found
Determinants of knowledge flows and their effect on economic growth.
Get PDFThis thesis consists of three essays that analyse the determinants of the diffusion of knowledge and their impact in terms of economic growth. The first essay analyses the patterns of diffusion of knowledge between European regions during the period 1981-2000. Knowledge flows are measured by two variables: patent citations and collaboration among inventors. A modified gravity model is estimated to show that geographical proximity and territorial borders are important barriers to knowledge flows during the period analysed and that their effects are greater for technological collaboration than for patent citation. We show that inventor propensity to collaborate within the same country decreases and inventor propensity to cite inventors residing in the same country increases. We show also that the geographical distance effect decreases only for inventor collaboration. Finally, we show that the EU enlargement processes during the period analysed have favoured knowledge flows between old and new EU members, although with significant differences for the two measures of knowledge flows. The second essay analyses the impact of knowledge capital on the economic growth of Italian regions for the period 1995-2007. To measure regional knowledge capital we use indicators for the processes of knowledge creation, i.e. R&D and patents, and the processes of diffusion of knowledge, i.e. patent citations and inventor mobility. We use a technology gap model to show that the economic growth of Italian regions can be explained by internal R&D activities and by the interregional mobility of inventors. The third essay analyses the impact of knowledge flows on economic performance at firm level. It distinguishes between various sources of knowledge flows, i.e. suppliers, customers, rivals and research institutions, and between two types of innovative activities, i.e. sales realized by products new to the firm but not to the market (imitation) and sales realized by products new to the firm and to the market (innovation).
We show that knowledge flows from rivals lead to more imitation, while knowledge flows from customers and research institutions enhance original innovation
Strategie di contro-insurrezione. Quali risposte alla guerra di quarta generazione?
No full text"Guerra di quarta generazione" (Fourth Generation Warfare, 4GW) è una delle locuzioni più popolari utilizzate dopo la fine della Guerra fredda per descrivere i drammatici cambiamenti nella sicurezza globale, nei modi di conduzione della guerra e nei tipi di minacce che i paesi occidentali si trovano a fronteggiare. Come nel caso di molti concetti a esso collegati, come minaccia asimmetrica, iper-terrorismo e la più vasta idea di "nuove guerre", la sua fortuna è aumentata in seguito agli attacchi dell'11 settembre 2001, quando sembrava che un rivoluzionario cambiamento negli affari militari fosse in corso. Questo libro tenta di gettar luce, in maniera critica, sul concetto di 4GW in generale e d'individuare le possibili contromisure a sfide che possono essere catalogate sotto l'etichetta della 4GW
Unfolding the role of technological turbulence in business model innovation along the industry life cycle. Evidence from Italian firms
No full textBusiness model innovation (bmi) has long been recognized as an important source of firm’s competitive advantage and performance. bmi has been also incorporated in the well-established industry-life cycle (ilc) framework of innovation dynamics, where bmi is mostly associated with the maturity stage. Despite its theoretical soundness, this framework does not fully explain the emergence of bmi, especially in earlier ilc phases, probably because it does not sufficiently account for technological dynamics. In this study, we investigate the role of technological turbulence in companies’ likelihood of operating with an innovative business model; in particular, we assess whether technological turbulence still matters once the ilc stage is accounted for. To identify innovative models, we retrieve individual business models using information from the companies’ websites and compare them with the prevalent business model of the industry. To capture technological turbulence, we create a sectoral indicator starting from patent data. Using a representative sample of 1,234 Italian firms, we show that technological turbulence is positively associated with business model innovation even after controlling for the stage of market development; this suggests that companies can successfully exploit this type of innovation regardless of the life-cycle stage of their industry
Unemployment resistance across EU regions: the role of technological and human capital
Get PDFWe investigate the unemployment impact of the 2008 crisis to study the relationship
between economic and technological resilience in 248 European Union regions. For
economic resilience we measure the difference between the level of unemployment rate before crisis and the level of unemployment rate at its peak after the crisis — i.e. theun employment resistance. Using European Patent Office patents, we look at all technological crises in each region since 1978 and build a variable of technological
resilience measuring the historical ability of a region to maintain its level of knowledge
creation in the face of adverse shocks — i.e. the technological resistance. We find that
technological resistance is a good predictor of unemployment resistance. In particular,
our results show that (1) important interaction effects exist between technological
resistance and human capital, (2) technological resistance and the level of human
capital are less effective in protecting female and elder adult workers during an
economic crisis and (3) important country level effects are present
Geographical distance puzzle in patent citations: intensive versus extensive margins
No full textThis paper explores the effects of geographical distance on knowledge spillovers through patent citations across 270 European regions. Despite decreasing transport and communication costs, geographical distance effects are strong and not decreasing. To address this distance puzzle, we distinguish between the extensive margin (the number of cited technologies) and the intensive margin (the average number of citations per technology) of patent citation flows. We confirm an increasing distance effect on knowledge flows at the extensive margin. We show it is compatible with decreasing transport and communication costs
Inventor Mobility and Productivity in Italian Regions
No full textThis paper describes the interregional and international mobility of inventors in Italy and estimates its impact on total factor
productivity (TFP) at the regional level for the period 1996–2011. A new database of mobile inventors is constructed and,
using a set of geographically based instruments to address endogeneity, it shows that inventor in- and outflows affect
regional TFP growth. Moreover, the positive effects of the inventors’ mobility (inflow) between different applicants take
more time to materialize (relative to movements within the same company). Finally, the negative effects of inventor
outflows are mainly driven by mobility between applicants
Technological Competition and Patent Strategy: Protecting Innovation, Preempting Rivals and Defending the Freedom to Operate
Get PDFDrawing on the resource-based view of the firm, we examine the effect of technological competition for a patent on a firm’s choice of patenting strategy. We claim that technological competition makes the traditional strategy of protecting focal innovations from imitation less likely and increases the likelihood of a play strategy — i.e., using patents to avoid the risk of hold-up by other patent owners, or as a bargaining chip in litigation and cross-licensing. However, technological competition for a target close to the firm’s core technology should instead lead firms to use a fence strategy, i.e. blocking the commercial endeavors of rivals and preempting substitute inventions. We find support for these hypotheses using data from a large-scale survey of European patent applications
European Integration and Knowledge Flows across European Regions
Get PDFCappelli R. and Montobbio F. European integration and knowledge flows across European regions, Regional Studies. Using data on inventor citations and inventor collaborations, changes in geographical patterns of knowledge flows between European regions during the period 1981–2000 are analysed. It is shown that inventor collaborations become less geographically localized, while inventor citations become more localized. The European integration process has a significant effect on reducing barriers to knowledge flows between new and old European Union members. For inventor citations, this effect relates only to the European Union enlargement of 1995 and is confined to knowledge flows from Austria, Finland and Sweden to old European Union members
Technological Competition & Patent Strategy: Protection, Blocking Rivals or the Freedom to Operate
No full textInventor mobility and productivity in Italian regions
No full textThis paper describes the interregional and international mobility of inventors in Italy and estimates its impact on total factor productivity (TFP) at the regional level for the period 1996–2011. A new database of mobile inventors is constructed and, using a set of geographically based instruments to address endogeneity, it shows that inventor in- and outflows affect regional TFP growth. Moreover, the positive effects of the inventors’ mobility (inflow) between different applicants take more time to materialize (relative to movements within the same company). Finally, the negative effects of inventor outflows are mainly driven by mobility between applicants.status: Published onlin
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