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    The role of venture capital in the emerging entrepreneurial finance ecosystem: future threats and opportunities

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    The last decade has seen the emergence of alternative sources of early-stage finance, which are radically changing and reshaping the start-up eco-system. These include incubators, accelerators, science and technology parks, university-affiliated seed funds, corporate seed funds, business angels – including “super-angels”, angel groups, business angel networks and angel investment funds – and both equity- and debt-based crowdfunding platforms. In parallel with this development, large financial institutions that have traditionally invested in late-stage and mature companies, have increasingly diversified their investment portfolios to “get into the venture game”, in some cases, through the traditional closed-end funds model and, in other cases through direct investments and coinvestments alongside the closed-end funds. This paper reviews the main features, investment policies and risk-return profiles of the institutional and informal investors operating in the very early stage of the life cycle of entrepreneurial firms. It concludes that traditional closed-end venture capital funds continue to play an important role in early stage finance because of their unique competences (e.g. screening, negotiating and monitoring) in what has become a wider and more complex financing ecosystem

    Does Corporate Governance really matter for firms performance? Evidence from Italian IPOs market

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    During recent years, corporate governance has received an increasing attention in the academic debate due to several scandals in financial world and consequent changes in the regulatory framework. Through this paper, we aim to take part in the stimulating debate about the relation between corporate governance and performance. Previous literature on this topic provided a solid theoretical framework for our research. This paper contributes to this investigation with an analysis of the Italian market, by the examination of the relation between the market performance of Italian IPOs and their governance structure. In particular, we find evidence of a positive relation between governance, which we measured by a new and original governance index made by 40 provisions, and IPOs performance occurred in the Italian market during period 1998-2008
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