1,721,065 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Parental imprinting
No full textThe parental imprint received has repercussions on various
aspects related to one’s motherhood and influences its
events and outcomes.
Mental health is also influenced by the parental imprin
Il contrario di un processo nell’immaginazione naive.
No full textLo studio indaga l’idea che soggetti adulti non-esperti hanno di “contrario di un processo di trasformazione", sulla base di stimoli iconici (semplici diagrammi geometrici su carta, che rappresentavano uno stadio x che si trasformava in uno y). Ai partecipanti veniva chiesto di disegnare “il/i processo/i contrario/i” a quello dato. Lo studio mirava a studiare: (a) i vincoli percettivi insiti nell'idea ingenua di “contrario di un processo” e (b) gli effetti di una preliminare descrizione verbale dello stimolo prodotta dal soggetto – probabilmente associata ad una sua elaborazione più consapevole. Tre sono i principali risultati emersi. 1) La grande maggioranza dei partecipanti ha disegnato un solo contrario. 2) La prima soluzione venuta in mente, sia in presenza che in assenza di una preliminare descrizione verbale dello stimoli, consiste nell’inversione degli stadi del processo iniziale, senza modificarne le caratteristiche figurali (i.e., y ? x). 3) La preliminare elaborazione verbale ha comportato una differenza nei pattern di risposta: quando i disegni sono stati realizzati basandosi solo su un'elaborazione visiva dello stimolo, i due pattern di risposta più frequenti hanno sempre implicato l'inversione dell'ordine degli stadi (con o senza modificazione delle figure). Invece, la preliminare descrizione verbale ha condotto a pensare anche ad un pattern di risposta in cui l’ordine degli stadi rimaneva invariato e si modificavano invece alcune caratteristiche delle figure. Questi risultati sollevano nuove questioni sia rispetto alla letteratura precedente sull'idea ingenua di contrari, che a quella sul ragionamento antitetico
Perceptual and response-related components of unilateral neglect may evolve independently of one another: evidence from five single-case studies.
Full text linkThe Milner Landmark Task allows the disentanglement of perceptual and response-related components of unilateral neglect. If these two components reflect separate functional systems, then cases should be observed in which the two components evolve differently across time. To test this hypothesis we surveyed a continuous series of 21 right hemisphere stroke patients. Five patients from the sample were affected by unilateral neglect at the outset and could be submitted to repeated administrations of the Landmark task in the first weeks post stroke. Two versions of the task were used, Landmark-Manual and Landmark-Verbal, differing in the type of response required. Two patients showed independent changes in the perceptual and the response-related component of neglect, hence confirming the view of separate functional systems underlying them. Dissociations between the task versions were found, witnessing a role of the type of response. Unexpectedly, one patient showed an initial leftward deviation of the subjective midpoint of the stimulus line, which later reversed to a classical rightward deviation. We interpreted such a pattern in terms of co-existing “productive” and “negative” components of perceptual neglect
Thinking in opposites facilitates insight problem solving, especially if done in small groups
No full textA key difficulty with insight problems is that an “impasse” resulting from the initial representation of the problem may “constrain” the boundaries of the search area. We present three studies on visuo-spatial problem solving which aim to test whether thinking in opposites triggers the representational change needed to find the solution (see Branchini et al., 2015a, 2016, Bianchi et al., 2020). This follows an initial intuition of Wertheimer (1919) and Duncker (1935) which was subsequently developed by Branchini et al. (2009, 2021). Thinking in opposites keeps thought processes anchored on the phenomenal structure of a problem, thus satisfying the requirements of epistemic vigilance (Mercier & Sperber, 2011), acting as a filter during the search for a solution (Bozzi, 1962, 1965; Branchini et al., 2015b). The participants were organized into small inter-observational groups. They were requested to make a detailed analysis of the perceptual characteristics of the problem (e.g. horizontal, co-planar, attached, aligned) and to consider whether the solution required transforming one of these characteristics into its opposite (i.e. vertical, on different planes, separated or misaligned. The results showed that using this strategy, their success rate improved and less time was needed to find the solution. The type of drawings they did during the search phase were also more fruitful. Thinking in opposites produced better results when the participants worked in groups. Possible reasons for this will be discussed
Naïve intuitions about what constitutes “an opposite process”
No full textThree studies investigate adults’ naïve intuitions about what constitutes an “opposite process”. In Study one, the task involves iconic stimuli, that is, simple diagrams showing a transformation. In Study two, the participants were asked to produce a written description of the transformation process shown in the diagram and then to write what they considered to be the opposite process. In Study three, they were presented with pairs of sentences and were asked to rate the extent to which they agreed that the second sentence described a process which was opposite to the first sentence. Overall, the results are consistent and show that adults associate the idea of an opposite process with a reversal of the initial and final stages, rather than a process starting from the same initial point and leading to an opposite end. Secondary differences emerged relating to the conditions studied
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