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Un gruzzolo di monete d'argento da Pontecagnano: l'offerta votiva di un mercenario?
No full textDuring recent archaeological field surveys carried out in Pontecagnano, a little hoard of Greek silver coins, datable between the end of the 5th and the beginning of the
following century (19 items among staters and fractions from Poseidonia, Velia,Turi, Eraclea, Caulonia, Crotone, Terina), has been excavated. The composition of the treasure and its placement, a sacred area designed for votive rituals, provide
grounds for reflection on the monetary customs of the inhabitants of this Etruscan-Sannitic centre of Southern Campania. So far, for the same chronological phase, such customs have only been documented by the finding of coins offered to the deceased
in a small number of grave goods. Therefore, the cause-effect relation between mercenary practices of local communities and the arrival of foreign currency in the Gulf of Salerno cannot be excluded. They were probably members of groups known
as Tyrrhenoi and Sileraioi believed, in some literature, to be mercenaries employed by Dionisius I of Syracuse originating from both Ager Picentius and from the region crossed by the river Sele. The hoard was probably the offering of a mercenary soldier coming home. The value of coins is estimated to correspond approximately to the monthly salary of a misthophoros of that time. The place of retrieval would confirm
this hypothesis: the Northern sanctuary, in its present state appearing to be the only sacred part of the built-up area, was designated to both donations consisting of aes
rude or coins and to votive offerings of a military type
Unità ponderali e monetarie nei golfi di Napoli e di Salerno prima della II battaglia di Cuma
No full textBehind the monetary practices of the Late-Archaic period offering evidence of the currencies of the Graeco-Tyrrhenian world, we can glimpse the practice had been adopted as from the Bronze Age to determine the ratios between the various shekels and the minor fractions present in the Near East and the Aegean. A propulsive role is hypothesised for the Euboeans in transferring Levantine ponderal practices to the Gulf of Naples, in the early days of frequentation of the southern Tyrrhenian Coast In fact, the drachma of 5.8 g minted subsequently by the colonies of Chalkidiki in the West was not cut to a weight foreign to the Greek world but revived, in terms of coin, practices that developed in Euboea and the cities of Greece in contact with Euboea. Significantly, at Cuma were to be found coin representing the principal measures of weight (5.8 g; 7.76 g; 8.72 g) use as from the Bronze Age in Cyprus and on the Syrian-Palestinian coast as well as being attested in Euboea in the mid- 9th century BC (T. 79 Toumba weights). The “Phoenician” foot of 7.76 g seems to have found its way to the Tyrrhenian not through the Strait, but along the coast of Africa, crossing south of Sicily to reach the Iberian coast and the Gulf of Lyon. The coinage of Elea and Poseidonia launched in the years following up on the settlement of the Phoceans driven out of Alalia were based solely on this ponderal value (and fractions of it) and – although we have no precise chronological definition of the start of minting of the two poleis to argue that one preceded the other – we cannot rule out the possibility that its establishment on the Gulf of Salerno and the launch of monetary practices were due precisely to the Phoceans of Alalia, who were well acquainted with the “Phoenician” foot in use on the Gulf of Lyon and along the coasts of north Tyrrhenian Etruria.
ITALIANODietro le pratiche monetarie di epoca tardo-arcaica che consentono il ragguaglio delle valute di ambiente greco tirrenico, si intravede quanto in precedenza, fin dall’età del Bronzo,
era stato messo in atto per rapportare tra di loro i vari sicli e le frazioni minori presenti nel Vicino Oriente e nell’Egeo.
Si ipotizza un ruolo propulsivo degli Eubei nel trasferimento di consuetudini ponderali levantine nel golfo di Napoli, al tempo delle prime frequentazioni lungo il Tirreno meridionale.
Infatti, la dracma di g 5,8 in seguito coniata dalle colonie di Calcide in Occidente, non è tagliata su un peso estraneo all’esperienza greca, ma è la riproposizione in moneta
di esperienze maturate in Eubea e nelle città della Grecia in contatto con l’Eubea. Non a caso a Cuma in Opicia si ritrovano coniati i i principali valori di peso (g 5,8; g. 7,76; g 8,72) utilizzati fin dall’età del Bronzo a Cipro e sulla costa siro-palestinese e attestati in Eubea nella I metà del IX secolo a.C. (pesi della T. 79 di Toumba). L’innesto sul Tirreno del piede ‘fenicio’ di g 7,76, a quanto pare, segue una rotta che non passa per lo Stretto, ma lungo le coste dell’Africa e attraversando a sud la Sicilia, raggiunge le coste iberiche e il golfo del Leone. Unicamente su questo valore ponderale (e sue frazioni) si basano le coniazioni di Elea e d Poseidonia avviate negli anni successivi all’insediamento dei Focei cacciati da Alalia e non va escluso che il suo impianto nel golfo di Salerno e l’avvio di pratiche monetarie siano dovuti proprio ai Focei di Alalia, che ben conoscevano il piede ‘fenicio’ in uso nel golfo del Leone e lungo le coste dell’Etruria tirrenica settentrionale
Inaspettati documenti per lo studio della Raccolta monetale dei Farnese: i calchi della Burton Constable Hall.
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