1,721,026 research outputs found
Further evidence of an association between handedness and neuroanatomical asymmetries in the primary motor cortex of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
No full textThe neurobiology of handedness is still poorly understood in nonhuman primates. Recently, an association between hand preference and precentral gyrus morphology in chimpanzees was reported. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the association between handedness and asymmetries in the precentral gyrus of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and to evaluate the association between hand preference and brain asymmetry using a different approach to the classification of handedness in chimpanzees. The overall results suggest that differences in handedness groups are specific to a region of the precentral gyrus commonly known as the "knob" and that subjects that show different hand preferences differ in brain asymmetries for specific regions of the primary motor cortex. Moreover, using a continuous scale of measurement rather than discrete classification of handedness, significant associations were found between hand use and asymmetries within the precentral gyrus
Lateral asymmetries during escape behaviour in a specie of teleost fish (Jenynsia lineata).
No full textAn association between handedness and neuroanatomical asymmetries in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence from the primary motor cortex
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Further evidence for mirror-reversed laterality in lines of fish selected for leftward or rightward turning when facing a predator model
No full textIn the teleost fish Girardinus falcatus eye preferences for inspecting a potential predator is highly heritable and this consented to select lines with opposed laterality. In previous studies individuals from a RD line (rightward turning when facing a dummy predator) and those from a LD line (leftward turning) were subjected to several other laterality tests (most of which, possibly all, were visually based). Since they obtained opposite scores in all tests, it was suggested that LD and RD fish have complete mirror-reversed organizations of the brain. Here, we studied fish from selected lines in a new set of laterality tests including some non-visual tests. They included measures of (1) rotational preference in the home tank (2) direction of spontaneous swimming in the dark (3) escape trajectories after delivery of an auditory stimulus (4) escape turning direction to a fast approaching visual stimulus. The results of the first three tests are congruent with the finding of previous studies in that fishes of the two lines showed opposite direction of lateralisation. When tested for laterality in the escape response to a fast approaching stimulus, fish of the LD and RD lines showed no differences and both were biased toward leftward escape. Overall these results suggest the existence in G. falcatus of a single mechanism controlling a co-ordinate placement of the great majority of lateralised functions. Yet the results of the fourth test suggest that a few lateralized functions are controlled by different mechanisms that were unaffected by artificial selection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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