1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Seismic Earth Pressures on Retaining Walls with Cohesive Backfills
Get PDFObservations from recent earthquakes show that all types of retaining structures with non-liquefiable backfills perform very well and there is limited evidence of damage or failures related to seismic earth pressures. Even retaining structures designed only for static loading have performed well during strong ground motions suggesting that special seismic design provisions may not be required in some cases. The objective of this study was to characterize the seismic interaction of backfill-wall systems using experimental and numerical models, with emphasis on cohesive soils, and to review the basic assumptions of current design methods.In the experimental phase of this research, two sets of centrifuge models were conducted at the Center for Geotechnical modeling in UC Davis. The first experiment consisted of a basement wall and a freestanding cantilever wall with level backfill, while the second one consists of a cantilever wall with sloping backfill. The soil used in the experiments was a compacted low plasticity clay. Numerical simulations were performed using FLAC2-D code, featuring non-linear constitutive relationships for the soil and interface elements. The non-linear hysteretic constitutive UBCHYST was used to model the level ground experiment and Mohr-Coulomb with hysteretic damping was used to model the sloping backfill experiment. The simulations captured the most important aspects of the seismic responses, including the ground motion propagation and the dynamic soil-structure interaction. Special attention was given to the treatment of boundary conditions and the selection of the model parameters. The results from the experimental and numerical analysis provide information to guide the designers in selecting seismic design loads on retaining structures with cohesive backfills. The experimental results show that the static and seismic earth pressures increase linearly with depth and that the resultant acts at 0.35H-0.4H, as opposed to 0.5-0.6H assumed in current engineering practice. In addition, the observed seismic loads are a function of the ground motion intensity, the wall type and backfill geometry. In general, the total seismic load can be expressed using Seed and Whitman's (1970) notation as: Pae=Pa+dPae, where Pa is the static load and dPae is the dynamic load increment. While the static load is a function of the backfill strength, previous stress history and compaction method, the dynamic load increment is a function of the free field PGA, the wall displacements, and is relatively independent of cohesion. In level ground, the dynamic load coefficient can be expressed as dKae=1/2gH2(0.68PGAff/g) for basement walls and dKae=1/2gH2(0.42PGAff/g) for cantilever walls; these results are consistent with similar experiments performed in cohesionless soils (Mikola & Sitar, 2013. In the sloping ground experiment the seismic coefficient came out to dKae=1/2gH2(0.7PGAff/g), which is consistent with Okabe's (1926) Coulomb wedge analysis of the problem. However, that slope was stable under gravity loads even without the presence of the retaining wall (FS=1.4). Measured slope displacements were very small and in reasonable good agreement with the predictions made with the Bray and Travasarou (2007) semi-empirical method. The experimental data was not sufficient to determine accurately the point of action of the seismic loads. However, the numerical simulations and Okabe's (1926) limit state theory suggest that the resultant acts between 0.37H-0.40H for typical values of cohesion. While the resultant acts at a point higher than 0.33H with increasing cohesion, the total seismic moment is reduced due to the significant reduction in the total load Pae, particularly for large ground accelerations. The results also show that typical retaining walls designed with a static factor of safety of 1.5 have enough strength capacity to resist ground accelerations up to 0.4g. This observation is consistent with the field performance of retaining walls as documented by Clough and Fragaszy (1977) and the experimental results by al Atik and Sitar (2010) and Geraili and Sitar (2013).The evaluation of earth pressures at the wall-backfill interface continues to be a technical challenge. Identified sources of error in the present study include the behavior of pressure sensors, the geometric and mass asymmetry of the model and the dynamic interaction between the model and the container. While these centrifuge experiments reproduced the basic response of prototype models, ultimately, instrumented full-scale structures are most essential to fully characterize the response of tall walls and deep basements with varieties of backfill
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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