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Epidemiology of Whooping cough in Apulia, Italy, 1971-2003
No full textAim. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of B.
pertussis infection and the level of vaccination coverage (VC)
in Apulia in the period 1971-2003.
Methods. In Italy, notification of whooping cough has been
obligatory since 1962; it is considered a class II illness under
Italian law D.M. 15/12/1990, and all reported cases are
recorded by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). Data
were gathered on cases of whooping cough in Apulia from 1971 to 2003 and on vaccination coverage for the period 1983-2003.
Results. Reported cases in Italy increased until the end of the 1980s, reaching a peak in 1987 (54.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants); subsequently the incidence began to decline (0.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2003).In Apulia, the pattern of incidence was similar to the national trend for the period considered, with a peak in 1983 (51.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) and a low in 2001 (1.8 cases per
100,000 inhabitants), with all the provinces in the region showing a similar pattern except for the province of Bari, where the incidence was higher.
Conclusions. Overall, the data point to a correlation between
the high number of reported cases and insufficient VC until the 1980s. Subsequently, the launch of the whooping cough project (1996) and the advent of the acellular vaccine led to a significant increase in the level of vaccination coverage and a consequent fall in reported cases
Circolazione ambientale dei Rotavirus: utilizzo dei mitili come matrice di accumulo in acque marine costiere.
No full text
Human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus associated with respiratory infection in Apulian population.
No full textWe have studied the occurrence of hBoV, hMPV and InfA-B in an Apulian population with respiratory tract infections. During influenza season 2008-2009, 116 oropharingeal swabs were collected from patients affected by Influenza-Like Illness (ILI). The PCR products of hMPV M and HBoV NP-1 genes were sequenced. 78 out of 116 samples were positive for at least one respiratory virus; hBoV was detected in 53, hMPV in 22 and InfA-B in 41 out of 116 swabs. A high rate of hBoV infection in adult (18.9%) and elderly (26.4%) subjects was found. The co-infection rate was higher for hMPV (18/22 cases, 81.8%) compared to hBoV (26/53 cases, 49.1%), and InfA-B (25/41 cases, 61.0%). Co-infections were common in children. hBoV positive samples shared a high level of genetic similarity with the hBoV1 genotype, and hMPV positive samples clustered with A2 subgroup. Our results suggest that hBoV and hMPV play a role in ILI
Prevalenza e caratterizzazione molecolare di Human Bocavirus e Human Metapneumovirus in pazienti con sindromi respiratorie
No full textObiettivi specifici
Valutazione della circolazione dell’infezione da Human Bocavirus (hBoV) ed Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) in una coorte di pazienti con malattie respiratorie acute (ILI-Influenza-Like Illness, ARI-malattia respiratoria acuta febbrile, bronchiti, bronchioliti, broncopolmoniti, polmoniti) e croniche (BPCO) per un periodo di tempo di un anno (giugno 08-maggio 09) al fine di valutarne anche la stagionalità.
Valutazione di eventuali coinfezioni virali attraverso l’identificazione contemporanea sui tamponi prelevati da pazienti con ILI ed ARI dei virus respiratori classici (influenza, RSV) e di hBoV e hMPV.
Materiali e Metodi
Attraverso la rete dei Medici Sentinella dell’influenza organizzata dall’Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) e dal Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sull’Influenza (CIRI) è stato eseguito un tampone oro-faringeo in tutti i soggetti con sintomatologia ILI o ARI inclusi i casi di raffreddore, rinofaringite, tonsillite, laringotracheite, tracheite, bronchite acuta.
La ricerca dei virus è stata eseguita mediante due tecniche di Nested-PCR che hanno permesso di identificare i due tipi virali. L’amplificazione è stata effettuata mediante primers selezionati delle regioni che codificano per il gene NP-1 (hBoV) ed M (hMPV). Le stesse sequenze sono state utilizzate per l’analisi di sequenza su un campione limitato di soggetti (n=15) scelti in maniera randomizzata tra i campioni positivi.
Riassunto dei risultati
Sono stati analizzati 100 campioni, di cui 39 sono risultati positivi al virus dell’influenza, 50 al hBoV e 22 per hMPV.
Il periodo di massima circolazione dei virus hBoV e hMPV ha coinciso con il periodo di massima circolazione del virus influenzale (Gennaio-Febbraio). Campioni positivi per hBoV e hMPV, sono stati ritrovati anche nei mesi di Aprile e Maggio.
L’analisi delle coinfezioni ha rilevato che il 20% dei campioni è risultato positivo per hBoV e Influenza, il 12% per hMPV e Influenza ed il 13% per hBoV e hMPV. Nel 7% dei campioni è stata riscontrata una triplice coinfezione e tutti i soggetti appartenevano alla fascia di età 0-14 anni.
Tutti i campioni sequenziati di hBoV sono stati tipizzati come hBoV1, mentre tutti i campioni di hMPV hanno clasterizzato con il gruppo A1, B e B2.
Conclusioni
La presenza di virus emergenti come, hBoV e hMPV, in concomitanza con i virus respiratori classici dimostra che questi possono rivestire un ruolo importante tra i patogeni respiratori.
Inoltre, la caratterizzazione molecolare di hMPV e hBoV ha consentito di individuare omologie con altri ceppi virali circolanti. I dati ottenuti indicano che è necessario un approfondimento degli studi sulla diffusione di questi virus sia per valutarne l’effettiva circolazione stagionale che l’impatto clinico
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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