1,721,015 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Impact of polar ice sheet destabilisation on climate and vector-borne disease risk during the 21st century
No full textLes moustiques, vecteurs majeurs de maladies, sont sensibles aux précipitations nécessaires au développement de leurs stades immatures aquatiques, et aux températures qui conditionnent leur cycle de vie. Le changement climatique impacte la transmission des maladies vectorielles, telles que le paludisme, première maladie parasitaire mondiale, et la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (FVR), zoonose décimant les troupeaux, entraînant un risque sanitaire et causant des pertes économiques en Afrique.Les rapports du Groupe Intergouvernemental d'Experts du Climat (GIEC) présentent des projections climatiques pour le XXIème siècle avec différents scénarios d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre standards appelés « Representative Concentration Pathway » (RCP). Ceux-ci démontrent que d'ici 2080, avec le scénario RCP8.5, le risque de transmission du paludisme est estimé à la baisse dans la région du Sahel et à la hausse sur les plateaux est-africains, suite à l'augmentation des températures. Par ailleurs, les paléoclimats indiquent que la fonte des calottes de glace peut induire des changements climatiques abrupts. Cependant, les projections standards du GIEC ne considèrent pas une potentielle déstabilisation de ces calottes. L'Antarctique et le Groenland sont pourtant vulnérables aux dérèglements climatiques et une fonte rapide de ces calottes, même partielle, provoquerait des changements climatiques majeurs même en régions tropicales. Aucune étude n'avait jusque-là quantifié l'impact d'une fonte même partielle de celles-ci sur la distribution des moussons et sur le risque de transmission du paludisme et de la FVR en Afrique.Ce travail repose sur des simulations numériques du climat futur réalisées à partir du modèle climatique global couplé IPSL-CM5A-LR avec pour forçage radiatif le scénario RCP8.5. Des simulations de relâchement d'eau douce correspondant à la fonte accélérée et partielle des calottes polaires ont été réalisées avec différentes hypothèses de fonte :- pour le Groenland, un flux d'eau douce équivalent à une augmentation globale du niveau marin de 0.5, 1, 1.5 et 3m est libéré en Atlantique Nord ;- pour l'Antarctique, une quantité d'eau douce équivalente à une hausse globale du niveau des mers de 3m (fonte de tout l'Antarctique de l'Ouest) est relâchée au large de sa région Ouest.Ces apports d'eau douce ont lieu de 2020 à 2070, en flux continu.Cette étude a démontré que les impacts, océaniques et atmosphériques, liés à la fonte du Groenland sont plus forts sur le climat global, particulièrement sur les systèmes de mousson en Afrique, que ceux liés à la fonte de tout l'Ouest Antarctique, ce qui est certainement dû au courant circumpolaire. Par la suite, seuls les scénarios considérant une fonte partielle du Groenland ont été utilisés pour étudier leurs impacts potentiels sur le paludisme. Les températures et précipitations simulées et/ou observées permettent de piloter des modèles mathématiques du risque de transmission. Cinq modèles mathématiques de paludisme ont été utilisés. Une fonte accélérée du Groenland induit un décalage des zones de mousson américaines et africaines vers le sud. Le risque de paludisme augmente dans le sud de l'Afrique, diminue au Sahel et augmente modérément sur les plateaux d'Afrique de l'Est. Pour l'étude de la FVR, le modèle Liverpool Rift Valley Fever (LVRF) a été validé par pays en comparant les simulations, obtenues à partir des températures et précipitations journalières issues des réanalyses climatiques, avec différents jeux de données. Puis, un travail exploratoire a permis de déterminer une corrélation entre le risque de transmission simulé et les principaux modes de variabilité climatique régionaux (ENSO et DMI). Les résultats montrent que le modèle reproduit correctement les épidémies de FVR au Kenya, Somalie et Zambie, et plus modérément au Sénégal et en Mauritanie. Une augmentation du risque de FVR est montrée sur les zones épidémiques d'Afrique de l'Est lors du phénomène El Niño.Mosquitoes, major vectors of diseases, are sensitive to rainfall which is necessary for their immature aquatic stages, and to temperature which affects their development and life cycle dynamics. Climate change can therefore impact the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, the world's major parasitic disease causing over 600,000 deaths per year, and Rift Valley Fever (RVF), a zoonotic disease decimating herds, causing health risks and catastrophic economic losses in Africa.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report provides climate scenarios for the 21st century with different standard greenhouse gas emission scenarios, named Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). By 2080, the risk of malaria transmission is estimated to decrease in the Sahel region and to increase in the East African Plateau as a result of rising temperatures under the RCP8.5 scenario. Although paleoclimate studies show that melting ice sheet can induce abrupt climate change, state of the art IPCC future projections do not consider such a potential rapid destabilisation of polar ice sheets. However, the West Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet are vulnerable to climate change and even a partial melting would cause major climatic changes, even in tropical regions. No study has yet quantified the impact of an abrupt melting of the ice sheets on the distribution of malaria and RVF. This work is based on future climate numerical simulations using the coupled global climate model IPSL-CM5A-LR with RCP8.5 as radiative forcing. Simulations of freshwater release, corresponding to the accelerated and partial melting of the polar ice sheets, were carried out with different melting assumptions:- for Greenland, a freshwater flux equivalent to a global sea level rise of 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m and 3m is released into the North Atlantic;- for Antarctica, a quantity of freshwater equivalent to a global sea level rise of 3m is released off its western part.These continuous water inputs are prescribed from 2020 to 2070.This study showed that the oceanic and atmospheric impacts of a partial melting of Greenland are stronger on the global climate, and particularly on monsoons, than those associated with the melting of West Antarctica, probably due to the effect of the circumpolar current. Subsequently, only scenarios considering a partial melting of Greenland were used to study their impacts on malaria. Simulated and/or observed temperature and precipitation were used to drive mathematical models of malaria transmission risk. Five mathematical malaria models were used. An accelerated melting of Greenland leads to a southward shift of the American and African monsoons. Malaria risk increases in southern Africa, decreases in the Sahel and increases moderately on the East African Plateau.For the study of RVF, the Liverpool Rift Valley Fever (LVRF) model was validated at country scale by comparing simulations driven by observed daily temperatures and rainfall from climate reanalyses with different health data sets. Then, a potential correlation between simulated RVF transmission risk and the main regional climate variability modes (ENSO and DMI) is shown over the Rift African region. The model correctly reproduces RVF epidemics in Kenya, Somalia and Zambia, and to a lesser extent in Senegal and Mauritania. RVF risk increases over the epidemic areas in East Africa during the El Niño phenomenon
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