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Toward sustainable dietary patterns: new insights on plant-based diets and pulses consumption.
Get PDFPlant-based diets have been recognized to positively impact health, by contributing to the
maintenance of a healthy status and to the prevention of non-communicable diseases (i.e.
cardiovascular disease, diabetes). The positive health benefits of these diets are related to the
intake of plant-foods they promote, such as vegetables, fruits, cereals, legumes and nuts and to the
reduced intake of animal derived foods. Moreover, plant-based foods have a lower environmental
impact compared to animal derived foods, making these diets environment-friendly.
Concerning plant foods, pulses emerge as a nutritionally valuable food. Indeed, pulse regular
consumption is related to beneficial health outcomes. In addition, pulses represent an important
sustainable protein source alternative to animal derived foods. Indeed, it must be underlined that
pulses production is more sustainable than animal derived food production, contributing to make
them a dietary protein source to be preferred.
In this perspective, this dissertation presents research studies aimed to support plant-based diets
as healthy and sustainable dietary regimens starting from the promotion of pulse consumption. In
this perspective, pulses intake and the causes of pulses disregard among consumers were initially
investigated as a starting point to study strategies to foster and sensitize consumers on pulse intake,
such as the designing of innovative pulse-based products, in collaboration with Fertitecnica
Colfiorito s.r.l company, and the development of targeted nutrition education interventions.
Furthermore, given the fundamental impact of a heathy diet on health, the effects of plant-based
diets and dietary proteins quality on body composition parameters and resting metabolic rate were
evaluated.
As pulses are gluten-free foods, also their role in gluten-free diets was underlined. Adhering to
gluten-free diets is often complex for celiac patients causing nutritional imbalances. Therefore, this
work intended to investigate the possible role of a specific micronutrient, vitamin D, in celiac disease
onset. Moreover, the development of an on-line nutritional education course for the management
of gluten-free diets was described.
Lastly, the attention was focused on the nutritional properties of rice, one of the most commonly
consumed cereal among celiac patients, and its applicability in gluten-free diet
Optimization of post-exercise recovery beverages’ composition
No full textFluid intake and adequate hydration are essential and critical during and after training sessions and competition events. Reductions in body water content will prejudice performance with exercise performance significantly impaired when 2% or more of body weight is lost through sweat [1-3]. Guidelines states that in the post exercise (within 30 minutes to 1 hour after the end of the physical exercise), effective rehydration requires the intake of a volume of fluid equal to, at least, the 150% of the difference between body weight before and after the training [4] but a lack is still present regarding specific guidelines related to beverage formulations, strategies and volumes.
Indeed, in addition to water, sweat contains variable amounts of sodium, with lesser amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium so it is important that athletes can benefit from intake of an appropriate amount of a well-formulated drink [5-9].
Our prevoius studies underlined the potential role of skimmed milk as post recovery drink possibly linked to its specific characteristics [10-12]. In particular, milk has naturally high concentrations of electrolytes, that should aid in fluid recovery following exercise [4, 13].
Moreover, it contains casein and whey proteins in a ratio of 3:1 which provides for slower digestion and absorption of these proteins resulting in sustained elevations of blood amino acid concentrations.
In this regard, the aim of this study was to further evaluate the role of milk as post-recovery beverage. In particular, skimmed milk was tested in different volumes (no diluted skimmed milk, skimmed milk diluted 1:2 and 1:3) in order to better evaluate its role and to optimize volume. Moreover, specific nutrients (i.e. Casein, Sodium) and their possible combinations (Casein + Sodium, Whey proteins + Sodium) were taken into account in different concentrations to investigate possible role of specific nutrients.
30 athletes, both male and female, aged between 19 and 47, took part to the study. Each strategy was tested for one week with an intake equal to 500ml of the specific drink with the addiction of an amount of water equal to the volume needed to reach the 150% of loss body weight during the exercise.
A specific questionnaire was performed to ask about type of activity performed, the intensity of the activity, the urine colour, the thirst sensation after waking up in the morning; eventual cramps. Anthropometric measurement and Bioimpedence Analysis (both mono-frequency and multi-frequency) were performed to assess body composition and hydration in term of total body water, intra-cellular water and extra-cellular water.
Following guidelines indications, through the use of 150% of water intake in the post exercise, a variability among subjects were observed with cases also of worsening of hydration status underlining the importance of beverage characteristics as several elements might affect fluid balance: the macronutrient content, the electrolyte (i.e. sodium and potassium) [5-9].
Among the different strategies tested, skimmed milk resulted again the best one, able both to improve total body water in terms of intra-cellular water and body composition more than single milk nutrients. This underlines the importance of further investigate milk as post-exercise recovery beverage in terms not only of nutrients content but also nutrients synergism.
Even if data obtained by this study are limited by the restricted number of athletes, obtained results can be considered a step ahead to better evaluate the role of milk as recovery beverages, to define its applicability and to study new hydration protocols in order to improve the present knowledge on athlete’s hydration and recovery.
References
[1] Maughan RJ. Investigating the associations between hydration and exercise performance: methodology and limitations. Nutr Rev. 2012;70(suppl_2):S128-S131.
[2] Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM, Leiper JB. Errors in the estimation of hydration status from changes in body mass. J Sports Sci. 2007;25(7):797-804.
[3] Goulet ED, et al. Pre-exercise hyperhydration delays dehydration and improves endurance capacity during 2 h of cycling in a temperate climate. J Physiol Anthropol. 2008;27(5):263-71.
[4] Shirreffs SM, Watson P, Maughan RJ. Milk as an effective post-exercise rehydration drink. Br J Nutr. 2007; 98(1):173-180.
[5] Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(3):501-528.
[6] Brancaccio P, et al. Supplementation of Acqua Lete(R) (Bicarbonate Calcic Mineral Water) improves hydration status in athletes after short term anaerobic exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012; 9(1):35.
[7] Maughan RJ, et al. A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status: development of a beverage hydration index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(3):717-23.
[8] Kalman DS, et al. Comparison of coconut water and a carbohydrate-electrolyte sport drink on measures of hydration and physical performance in exercise-trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012;9(1):1.
[9] Oliver S, et al. Development of a hydration index: a randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32 Suppl 2:10264.
[10] Vici G, Albertini F, Quintavalle A, Belli L, Polzonetti V. Milk as recovery drink after exercise: a case study. Alimenti Funzionali e Nutraceutici per la Salute. Camerino, 28th June 2016
[11] Vici G, Camilletti D, Cesanelli L, Belli L, Polzonetti V. Effects of different nutritional strategies in post exercise recovery. Cibo e Nutraceutici: direzione salute. Camerino, 10th July 2018
[12] Vici G, Camilletti D, Mozzoni A, Cesanelli L, Belli L, Polzonetti V. Effects of specific re-hydration protocols after exercise in non-elite and elite athletes. 3rd Sport Nutrition International Conference. Bologna, 30th November 2018
[13] Roy BD. Milk: the new sports drink? A Review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5:15
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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