1,721,038 research outputs found
Plant Essential Oil with Biological Activity (II)
Full text link: Essential oils (EOs) are concentrated hydrophobic liquids that originate from plants and contain different bioactive chemicals and volatile substances. Several plant essential oils (PEOs) are obtained from a variety of medicinal plants and have been utilized in folk medicine and traditional pharmacopoeia. They have a long history of usage as antibacterial medicines to treat various human, animal, and plant diseases. The extraction of essential oils frequently involves fractional distillation with a variety of organic solvents. EOs can be used successfully in the food and cosmetics industries in addition to their traditional use as antimicrobial agents. This Special Issue covers various significant PEOs and their individual chemical constituents and biological-pharmaceutical functions. Further information focused on the chemical characterizations, modes of action, and biopharmaceutical properties of PEOs. This Special Issue includes seventeen research papers from different geographical zones
Structural and functional organization of the root system: a comparative study on five plant species
Full text linkPlants are affected by soil environments to the same extent that they affect soil functioning through interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Here, five plant species (broad bean, pea, cabbage, fennel, and olive) grown under controlled pot conditions were tested for their ability to differently stimulate the degradation of standard litter. Litter, soil C and N contents were measured for evaluating chemical changes due to plant presence, while soil microbial abundance was evaluated to assess if it had a positive or negative catalyzing influence on litter decomposition. The architecture and morphological traits of roots systems were also evaluated by using specific open-source software (SmartRoot). Soil chemical and microbiological characteristics were significantly influenced by the plant species. Variations in soil C/N dynamics were correlated with the diversity of root traits among species. Early stage decomposition of the standard litter changed on the basis of the plant species. The results indicated that key soil processes are governed by interactions between plant roots, soil C and N, and the microbial metabolism that stimulate decomposition reactions. This, in turn, can have marked effects on soil chemical and microbiological fertility, both fundamental for sustaining crops, and can promote the development of new approaches for optimizing soil C and N cycling, managing nutrient transport, and sustaining and improving net primary production
Detection and characterization of Phytophthora species infecting tomato in southern Italy by DNA-based methods.
Full text linkDetection and identification of Phytophthora species in southern Italy by RFLP and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified nuclear ribosomal DNA
Full text linkIndividuazione e caratterizzazione molecolare del fitoplasma associato ai giallumi della vite in Basilicata e analisi delle sue correlazioni genetiche con altri fitoplasmi del gruppo stolbur.
No full textFungal diversity in chestnut galls induced by Dryocosmus kuriphilus from Basilicata Region (Southern Italy)
Full text linkIn recent years, the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus has been reported to have a high incidence in Italy and other Mediterranean basin countries. In 2021-2022, a study was undertaken in the Basilicata Region (Southern Italy) to investigate the relationship between the galls produced by ACGW on sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and fungal pathogens. In particular, the fungal diversity from green and necrotic galls collected from two important sweet chestnut sites (Melfi and Rionero in Vulture) was investigated. Nineteen fungal taxa were identified based on their morphological and molecular traits. In both localities, the most frequent species isolated from green and necrotic galls were Gnomoniopsis castaneae, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Pestalotiopsis sp. It is essential to understand the role played by the galls as an inoculum source for sweet chestnut fungal pathogens, particularly for G. castaneae, an emerging pathogen of which biology is still poorly understood. Findings from the present study stressed that the complex relationship between host-insect-microbial community needs to be elucidated to be able to control the pathogenic fungi and consequently maintain sweet chestnut trees' health as they play a key role in the local agriculture (horticulture, forestry) and subsidiary econom
Detection and characterization of the phytoplasma associated with grapevine yellows in Basilicata and its relatedness to other phytoplasmas of the stolbur group.
No full textThe morphology of the root system in five plant species can affect soil organic matter decomposition
No full textPlants are affected by soil environments at the same extent they affect soil functioning through interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Here, five cultivated species (broad bean, pea, cabbage, fennel and olive) were grown under controlled pot conditions were tested for their ability of degrading standard litter (tea bags method) in the same soil type, under the same climatic conditions. Litter, soil C and N contents and soil microbial abundance were measured. The architecture and morphological traits of roots systems were also evaluated by using a specific open-source software (SmartRoot). Soil chemical and microbiological characteristics were significantly influenced by the cultivated plant species. Variations in soil C/N dynamics were correlated with the diversity of root traits among species. Early stage decomposition of the standard litter changed on the basis of the plant species. The results indicated that key soil processes are governed by interactions between plant roots, soil C and N, and the microbial metabolism that stimulate decomposition reactions. This, in turn, can have marked effects on soil nutrient cycling and soil fertility, both fundamental for sustaining crops, and promote the development of new approaches for optimizing soil C and N cycling, managing nutrient transport, and sustaining and improving net primary production
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