305,246 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
Effect of blue light on extramitochondrial oxidative metabolism in rod outer segments
No full textPurpose: The effect of short wavelength blue light was studied on the ectopic oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that has been described in retinal rod outer segments (OS) [1]. Blue light can damage retinal tissue [2] and photoreceptors causing significant production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in the OS [3]. On the other hand OXPHOS is considered the major source of ROI.
Methods: Both the expression and the activity of the OXPHOS proteins in blue light-treated (BL) as well as in control mice were investigated by luminometry, oximetry, electron transmission microscopy and in situ histochemistry on retinal sections. ATP production and oxygen consumption were evaluated in OS purified from BL or control retinas.
Results: In BL OS, oxygen consumption in the presence of NADH and fumarate decreased by 50 and 57% respectively with respect to control OS. In the presence of succinate respiratory rates were similar to those observed in control OS. Moreover BL OS synthesized a negligible amount of ATP in the presence of NADH, succinate or fumarate. No differences were noticed in respiratory chain complex I and ATP synthase expression by TEM. Preliminary histochemical results of in situ respiratory chain activity show a correlation with the general decrease in OS function.
Conclusions: Data suggest that blue light-induced oxidative stress observed in OS may be due to impairment of extramitochondrial OXPHOS. Data can shed light on the importance of antioxidant treatment to prevent rod degeneration.
1 D. Calzia, S. Barabino, P. Bianchini, G. Garbarino, M. Oneto, F. Caicci, A. Diaspro, C. Tacchetti, L. Manni, S. Candiani, S. Ravera, A. Morelli, C. Enrico Traverso and I. Panfoli, "New findings in ATP supply in rod outer segments: insights for retinopathies," (2013) Biology of the cell 105(8), 345-358.
2. A. Wenzel, C. Grimm, M. Samardzija and C. E. Reme, "Molecular mechanisms of light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis and neuroprotection for retinal degeneration,(2005) " Progress in retinal and eye research 24(2), 275-306.
3. C. Roehlecke, U. Schumann, M. Ader, C. Brunssen, S. Bramke, H. Morawietz and R. H. Funk, "Stress reaction in outer segments of photoreceptors after blue light irradiation," (2013) PLoS One 8(9), e71570
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
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