323,684 research outputs found
An effectiveness evaluation of a multifaceted preventive intervention on occupational injures in foundries: a 13-year follow-up study with interrupted time series analysis
No full textFew intervention studies aimed at preventing occupational injuries (OI) are available, particularly in the foundry sector. Evaluation of effectiveness of an intervention to prevent OI was carried out in two foundries (cast-iron = A, non-ferrous = B).A multifaceted intervention was developed by a team composed of occupational physician, safety personnel and workers' representatives. Intervention focused on safety procedures, education, health surveillance (HS), fitness for work and first aid. Mandatorily registered OI data were collected. Primary outcome was reduction in injury rates. Before-after, pre-peri-post and interrupted time series (ITS) analyses were performed. Secondary outcomes mainly regarded re-injury rates and lost workdays (LW) reduction, access to HS, implementation of good practices and insurance litigation costs.In 1997-2009, 556 and 97 OI occurred in A and B, accounting for 11,597 and 2,567 LW, respectively. A significant (P < 0.01) decrease in OI incidence (-57% in A and -51% in B) and frequency (-56% in A and -46% in B) was shown. ITS analysis displayed a significant (P < 0.01) long-term decreasing trend for incidence (-0.29), frequency (-0.35) and severity (-0.55) rates in foundry B. Upper and lower extremity, eye, hand and head injuries were reduced. HS allowed focused human factor and fitness for work evaluation. Positive changes in safety culture and procedures were obtained.The intervention showed effectiveness in reducing OI rates and in improving quantitative and qualitative outcomes in two representative foundries. Challenges and limitations of interventions to assess effectiveness in preventing OI were evaluated and solutions applied
Il welfare frammentato. Le articolazioni regionali delle politiche sociali italiane
No full textQuesto volume analizza i processi di riorganizzazione territoriale delle politiche sociali in Italia con particolare attenzione alla dimensione regionale che, dal 2001, ha assunto un nuovo rilievo costituzional
Romanità e valori paesaggistici a Ostia antica e Roma: il contributo di Guido Calza, Italo Gismondi e Raffaele de Vico
No full textDuring the excavations of ancient Ostia in the 1920s, Calza, Gismondi, and de Vico interpreted the use of ancient materials to reconstruct ruins and design new structures. Their approach, influenced by the Fascist context, viewed restoration as a resurrection of Roman remains. This paper examines their methodologies, focusing on the use of Veio tuff in the Ostia theatre and de Vico’s Roman projects, balancing monumentality and continuity with the archaeological environment.Durante gli scavi di Ostia antica negli anni Venti, Calza, Gismondi e de Vico interpretano l’uso dei materiali antichi per ricostruire i resti e progettare il nuovo. Il loro approccio, influenzato dal contesto fascista, vede il restauro come resurrezione delle vestigia romane. Il contributo analizza le loro metodologie, con particolare attenzione all’uso del tufo di Veio nel teatro di Ostia e nei progetti romani di de Vico, tra monumentalità e continuità con l’ambiente archeologico
Obesity and prevalence of chronic diseases in the 1999–2000 Italian National Health Survey
No full textAbstract Background There is consistent evidence that obesity is a correlate of mortality. Less information is available about the relation between body weight and the prevalence of diseases. We investigated the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their relationship with 14 groups of chronic diseases in a Mediterranean population using data from the Italian National Survey collected in 1999–2000. Methods A sample of 52,300 families was randomly selected using a complex stratified multistage design, within strata of geographical areas, municipalities, and household sizes, to produce estimates representative of the whole Italian population. Data were collected by civil servants both with an interview and a self-reported questionnaire. Results The present study documents an increase in the prevalence of overweight among Italian adults in the last decades and an increased prevalence of several chronic conditions in obese or overweight individuals. A general pattern of a positive association between excess weight and chronic disease was observed for both sexes. The ratio of the prevalences of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases was higher in obese versus normal-weight individuals in the age group under 45 years. Conclusion To reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases a policy promoting a healthier individual lifestyle is becoming more and more desirable.</p
A weighted quantile sum regression with penalized weights and two indices
No full textBackgroundNew statistical methodologies were developed in the last decade to face the challenges of estimating the effects of exposure to multiple chemicals. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression is a recent statistical method that allows estimating a mixture effect associated with a specific health effect and identifying the components that characterize the mixture effect.ObjectivesIn this study, we propose an extension of WQS regression that estimates two mixture effects of chemicals on a health outcome in the same model through the inclusion of two indices, one in the positive direction and one in the negative direction, with the introduction of a penalization term.MethodsTo evaluate the performance of this new model we performed both a simulation study and a real case study where we assessed the effects of nutrients on obesity among adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.ResultsThe method showed good performance in estimating both the regression parameter and the weights associated with the single elements when the penalized term was set equal to the magnitude of the Akaike information criterion of the unpenalized WQS regression. The two indices further helped to give a better estimate of the parameters [Positive direction Median Error (PME): 0.022; Negative direction Median Error (NME): −0.044] compared to the standard WQS without the penalization term (PME: −0.227; NME: 0.215). In the case study, WQS with two indices was able to find a significant effect of nutrients on obesity in both directions identifying sodium and magnesium as the main actors in the positive and negative association, respectively.DiscussionThrough this work, we introduced an extension of WQS regression that improved the accuracy of the parameter estimates when considering a mixture of elements that can have both a protective and a harmful effect on the outcome; and the advantage of adding a penalization term when estimating the weights
Dietary fibres and ovarian cancer risk
No full textData from an Italian multicentre case-control study on ovarian cancer were used to analyse the relationship between various types of fibres and ovarian cancer risk. The study, conducted between 1992 and 1999, included 1031 cases of incident, histologically-confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer. Controls were 2411 women admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute, non-malignant, non-hormonal-related diseases. Cases and controls were interviewed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios (ORs), and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models. For total (Englyst) fibre, the OR for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake was 0.68, and the continuous OR for the difference between the 80th and the 20th percentile of intake was 0.87. For most types of fibre, the continuous OR was significantly below 1. The OR was 0.83 for cellulose, 0.89 for soluble non-cellulose polysaccharides (NCPs), 0.86 for total insoluble fibre, 0.92 for insoluble NCP, and 0.95 (non-significant) for lignin. The inverse association was consistent across strata of age, family history and menopausal status, even if the association was apparently stronger in postmenopausal women. When fibre was lassified according to the source, vegetable (but not grain) fibres, showed a significant protective effect, with an OR of 0.78. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Calza, Stefano/B-1915-201
Relapsing Candida albicans esophagitis in a HIV-infected patient undergoing combined antiretroviral therapy, and with absent or negligible immunodeficiency
No full textAdenocarcinoma vescicale in corso di infezione da HIV. Percorso diagnostico, clinico e terapeutico di tre casi clinici
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