93 research outputs found
Preference and motivation of laying hens to eat under different illuminances and the effect of illuminance on eating behaviour
No full text
Different Light Intensity On The Behavior And Welfare Of Commercial Broiler Chicks
No full textIn Brazil, the use of buildings with negative pressure system is increasing. The influence of different colors of side curtains on bird's behavior is unknown. Depending on the curtain's color its causes more or less luminosity inside the building, especially because the birds are photosensitivity. The luminosity has direct influence on the incidence of leg problems, and the UV rays may prevent it. This research aimed to evaluate the use of different curtain's colors of broiler houses with negative pressure system with an emphasis in behavior and the incidence of leg problems. Three poultry farms located in Tietê / SP and Cerquilho / SP were studied, where treatment T1 was a negative pressure broiler house with black curtain, treatment T2 negative pressure broiler house with blue curtain and treatment T3 negative pressure broiler house with yellow curtain. Environmental data, animal behavior and the incidence of leg problems were monitored, during 3 flocks. Also, variable "Comfort TA" was created to evaluate the environmental conditions of the studied broiler houses. It was found a significant difference in bird's behavior between treatments and some of them were related to luminosity. There was no relation between the incidence of leg problems with the light intensity and ultraviolet rays. The behavior of birds was influenced by the environmental variables.652658Altmann, J., Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods (1974) Behaviour, 49 (3-4), pp. 227-267Alvino, G.M., Archer, G.S., Mench, J.A., Behavioural time budgets of broiler chickens reared in varying light intensities (2009) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 118, pp. 54-61Barnwell, B., Wilson, M., (2005) Importance of Minimum Ventilation, , Techinical Focus CobbBizeray, D., Estevez, I., Leterrier, C., Faure, J.M., Effects of increasing environmental complexity on the physical activity of broiler chickens (2002) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 79 (1), pp. 27-41Blatchford, R.A., Klasing, K.C., Shivaprasad, H.L., Wakenell, P.S., Archer, G.S., Mench, J.A., The effect of light intensity on the behavior, eye and leg health, and immune function of broiler chickens (2009) Poultry Science, 88, pp. 20-28Broom, D.M., Molento, C.F.M., Bem-estar animal: Conceito e questões relacionadas - Revisão (2004) Archives of Veterinary Science, 9 (2), pp. 1-11Campos, E.J., O comportamento das aves (2000) Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 2 (2)(2008) Manual de Manejo de Frangos de Corte, p. 66. , www.granjaplanalto.com.br, COBB - VANTRESS, INC. Cobb - Vantress Brasil, LTDA. Available at: Accessed 2 may 2010Cordeiro, M.B., (2007) Images Analyses in the Behavior Evaluation, Welfare and Performance of the Young Chicken Submitted to Different Heating Systems, , Published PhD thesis. Viçosa, Minas Gerais: Viçosa Federal University - Departement of Agricultural EngineeringDawkins, M.S., The role of behaviour in the assessment of poultry welfare (1999) World's Poultry Science Journal, 55 (3), pp. 295-303Dawkins, M.S., Donnelly, C.A., Jones, T.A., Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density (2004) Nature, 427 (6972), pp. 342-344. , DOI 10.1038/nature02226Edwards Jr., H.M., Nutrition and skeletal problems in poultry (2000) Poultry Science, 79, pp. 1018-1023Ferrante, V., Verga, M., Mangiagalli, M.G., Carenzi, C., Behaviour reactions, semen quality and testosterone levels in cocks: Genetic implications (2001) Animal Welfare, 10 (3), pp. 269-279(2012) Integrated Farm Assurance / Poultry. 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Available at Accessed 24 february 2012Jones, E.K.M., Wathes, C.M., Webster, A.J.F., Avoidance of atmospheric ammonia by domestic fowl and the effect of early experience (2005) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 90 (3-4), pp. 293-308. , DOI 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.08.009Kristensen, H.H., Burgess, L.R., Demmers, T.G.H., Wathes, C.M., The preferences of laying hens for different concentrations of atmospheric ammonia (2000) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 68 (4), pp. 307-318. , DOI 10.1016/S0168-1591(00)00110-6, PII S0168159100001106Kristensen, H.H., Perry, G.C., Prescott, N.B., Ladewig, J., Ersboll, A.K., Wathes, C.M., Leg health and performance of broiler chickens reared in different light environments (2006) British Poultry Science, 47 (3), pp. 257-263. , DOI 10.1080/00071660600753557, PII P44506582326460Kristensen, H.H., Prescott, N.B., Perry, G.C., Ladewig, J., Ersboll, A.K., Overvad, K.C., Wathes, C.M., The behavior of broiler chickens in different light sources and illuminances (2007) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 103, pp. 75-89Lima, K.A.O., Moura, D.J., Carvalho, T.M.R., Bueno, L.G.F., Vercellino, R.A., Ammonia emissions in tunnel-ventilated broiler houses (2011) Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 13 (4), pp. 265-270Norman, A.W., Hurwitz, S., The role of vitamin D endocrine system in avian bone biology (1993) Journal of Nutrition, 123 (2), pp. 310-316Prescott, N.B., Wathes, C.M., Light, poultry and vision (2001) Livestock Environment: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium, pp. 696-702. , LouisvilleSchwean-Lardner, K., Classen, H., (2010) Lighting for Broilers, , AviagenThorn, E.C., The discomfort index (1959) Weatherwise, 12 (1), pp. 57-60Vandenberg, C., Widowski, T.M., Hen's preferences for high-intensity high-pressure sodium or low- intensity incandescent lighting (2000) Journal Applied Poultry Research, 9, pp. 172-178Wong-Vale, J., Mcdaniel, G.R., Kuhlers, D.L., Bartels, J.E., Effect of lighting program and broiler line on the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia at four and seven weeks of age (1993) Poultry Science, 72, pp. 1855-1860Zhang, L.-X., Shi, Z.-X., Wang, X.-Y., Geng, A.-L., Li, B.-M., Effects of ultraviolet radiation on skeleton development of broiler chickens (2006) Agricultural Sciences in China, 5 (4), pp. 313-31
Performance And Preference Of Broiler Chickens Exposed To Different Lighting Sources
No full textVision is important in poultry behavior and welfare. Poultry have highly specialized visual systems, and the majority of their behavior is mediated by vision. In the present study, we evaluated the lighting preference of broiler chickens exposed to different lighting sources and their production performance. In the first portion of the study, we evaluated the preference of birds for white and yellow lighting provided by light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs. Bird preference was assessed by videos recorded during the experiment. In the second portion of the study, we evaluated the performance of broiler chickens exposed to LED and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). Performance was assessed in terms of mortality rate, bird BW, daily BW gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion. The chickens occupied environments with yellow and white LED lighting evenly and did not show any behavioral sign of preference for one of the environments. However, birds presented greater feed consumption at 21, 28, and 35 d of age when exposed to white LED lighting. Generally, birds exposed to LED lighting presented better production performance than birds under the CFL. Seven-day-old male chickens presented better feed conversion under LED illumination than did males of the same age under CFL. © Poultry Science Association, Inc.2216270Olanrewaju, H.A., Thaxton, J.P., Dozier, W.A., Purswell, J., Roush, W.B., Branton, S.L., A review of lighting programs for broiler production (2006) Int. J. Poult. Sci, 5, pp. 301-308Théry, M., Forest light and its influence on habitat selection (2001) Plant Ecol, 153, pp. 251-261Prescott, N.B., Wathes, C.M., Reflective properties of domestic fowl (Gallus g. domesticus), the fabric of their housing and the characteristics of the light environment in environmentally controlled poultry houses (1999) Br. Poult. Sci, 40, pp. 185-193(1992) Report On the Welfare of Broiler Chickens, , Farm Animal Welfare Council, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, UKLewis, P.D., Morris, T., (2006) Poultry Lighting- the Theory and Practice, , Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UKDavis, N.J., Prescott, N.B., Savory, C.J., Wathes, C.M., Preferences of growing fowls for different light intensities in relation to age, strain and behaviour (1999) Anim. Welf, 8, pp. 193-203Widowski, T.M., Keeling, L.J., Duncan, I.J.H., The preferences of hens for compact fluorescent over incandescent lighting (1992) Can. J. Anim. Sci, 72, pp. 203-211Vandenberg, C., Widowski, T.M., Hens' preferences for high-intensity high-pressure sodium or lowintensity incandescent lighting (2000) J. Appl. Poult. Res, 9, pp. 172-178Prayitno, D.S., Phillips, C.J.C., Omed, H., The effects of color of lighting on the behavior and production of meat chickens (1997) Poult. Sci, 76, pp. 452-457Widowski, T.M., Duncan, I.J.H., Laying hens do not have a preference for high-frequency versus low-frequency compact fluorescent light sources (1996) Can. J. Anim. Sci, 76, pp. 177-181Prescott, N.B., Wathes, C.M., Jarvis, J.R., Light, vision and the welfare of poultry (2003) Anim. Welf, 12, pp. 269-288Sherwin, C.M., Light intensity preferences of domestic male turkeys (1998) Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, 58, pp. 121-130Denbow, D.M., Leighton, A.T., Hulet, R.M., Effect of light sources and light intensity on growth, performance, and behaviour of female turkeys (1990) Br. Poult. Sci, 31, pp. 439-443Boshouwers, F.M.G., Nicaise, E., Artificial light sources and their influences on physical activity and energy expenditure of laying hens (1993) Br. Poult. Sci, 34, pp. 11-19Duncan, I.J.H., Designing environments for animals-Not for public perceptions (1992) Br. Vet. 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Sci, 84, pp. 213-218Zonta, E.P., Machado, A.A., (1984) SANEST-Sistema De Análise Estatística Para Microcomputadores, , Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, BrazilMiragliotta, M.Y., (2005) Avaliação Das Condições Do Ambiente Interno Em Dois Galpões De Produção Comercial De Frangos De Corte, Com Ventilação E Densidade Populacional Diferenciados, , PhD Diss. State Univ. of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilNuboer, J.F.W., Coemans, M.A.J.M., Vos, J.J., Artificial lighting in poultry houses: Are photometric units appropriate for describing illumination intensities (1992) Br. Poult. Sci, 33, pp. 135-140Kristensen, H.H., Prescott, N.B., Perry, G.C., Ladewig, J., Ersbøll, A.K., Overvad, K.C., Wathes, C.M., The behaviour of broiler chickens in different light sources and illuminances (2007) Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, 103, pp. 75-89Prayitno, D.S., Phillips, C.J.C., Omed, H.M., The initial and long-term preference of broilers for red, blue, or green light after being reared in red, blue, green, or white light (1993) Anim. Prod, 56, pp. 438-445Goldflus, F., (1994) Viabilidade Da Criação De Frangos De Corte Sob Alta Densidade Populacional, , MS Thesis. College of Agrarian Sciences and Veterinary, Paulista State Univ, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilYahav, S., Hurwitz, S., Rozenboim, I., The effect of light intensity on growth and development of turkey toms (2000) Br. Poult. Sci, 41, pp. 101-106Deep, A., Schwean-Lardnera, K., Croweb, T.G., Fancherc, B.I., Classena, H.L., Effect of light intensity on broiler behaviour and diurnal rhythms (2012) Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, 136, pp. 50-56Downs, K.M., Lien, R.J., Hess, J.B., Bilgili, S.F., Dozier, W.A., The effects of photoperiod length, light intensity, and feed energy on growth responses and meat yield of broilers (2006) J. Appl. Poult. Res, 15, pp. 406-416Rozenboim, I., Biran, I., Chaiseha, Y., Yahav, S., Rosenstrauch, A., Sklan, D., Halevy, O., The effect of a green and blue monochromatic light combination on broiler growth and development (2004) Poult. Sci, 83, pp. 842-84
On the calculation of optical performance factors from vertebrate spatial contrast sensitivity
No full textAbstractA novel technique for calculating the visual optical modulation transfer function (OMTF) is described. The technique involves application of the Rovamo–Barten model of spatial vision to measured contrast sensitivity data. [For details of the basic model see; Rovamo, J., Mustonen, J., & Nasanen, R. (1994). Modelling contrast sensitivity as a function of retinal illuminance and grating area. Vision Research, 34, 1301–1314 and Barten, P. J. G. (1999). Contrast sensitivity of the human eye and its effects on image quality. Washington: SPIE Optical Engineering Press.] In order to obtain OMTF, the model was simplified for use in the high spatial frequency range and also modified to include a transfer function term relating to attenuation by the retinal receptor sampling process. Calculations of OMTF were initially obtained from published contrast sensitivity for the human, cat, rat and chicken. The results were found to correlate well with OMTF values directly obtained through a double-pass optical measuring technique applied to all four species. It was assumed, following this initial test, that the modified Rovamo–Barten model could be used to extract OMTF from vertebrate contrast sensitivity data in general. Using published behavioural contrast sensitivity, further OMTF values were calculated from the model for the pigeon, goldfish, owl monkey, and tree shrew. The results obtained were used to provide a direct inter-species comparison of optical performance for a matched stimulus luminance. This study also confirms that, in many cases, vertebrate optical and receptor sampling processes are well matched in their attenuation properties
Thermal balance of livestock. 1: A parsimonious model
No full textA mathematical model based on the physics of heat transfer was developed to predict the components of heat loss from a homeothermic animal in relation to environmental conditions. The animal's trunk was treated as three concentric insulating cylinders around a heat-generating core, representing the body tissue, coat and surrounding environment. The model also accounted for heat losses from appendages. The model inputs were the hourly meteorological data, parameters and/or variables of animal physiology, and the thermoregulatory responses of different species to environmental conditions. The heat loss components were calculated by iteration of the heat balance equations, assuming steady heat flow. For illustration, the heat balance of a sheep outdoors is predicted from hourly weather data
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