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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effects of anaerobic digestates application on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
No full textThe food industry produces high quantities of organic wastes which can be used in agriculture for soil fertilization in order to reduce the application of mineral and/or synthetic fertilizers. In a permanent rain-fed meadow of alfalfa (Medicago saliva L., cv. Garisenda), the following three P fertilizer treatments were compared during the years 2006 and 2007 in a completely randomized experimental design with three replications: amendment based on the wastewater treatment of wine derived process (WWW); amendment based on wastewater from frozen food processing (WFF), an organic-mineral fertilizer (OMIN). All the treatments allowed a distribution of 75 kg ha(-1) of P2O5. Three cuttings occurred at 108, 134 and 315 days after digestatcs application (DAA) in 2006, and at 100, 122 and 269 DAA in 2007. Cumulative dry matter yields were measured during each experimental year. Furthermore, chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (DMD) and true DM (IVTDMD), organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD) and neutral detergent fibre (NDFD) digestibilities were determined. No significant difference was found among the fertilizer treatments in alfalfa cumulative dry matter yield. The fertilizer treatments affected only the hemicellulose (RC) content of alfalfa forage. Among the treatments, the WWW showed a significantly higher content of HC than WFF and OMIN. However, all digestibility parameters were unaffected by the fertilizer treatments. The results indicated that the soil distribution of these anaerobic digestates could represent a valid alternative to landfill disposal or to other waste management strategies in the mid-term period, without decreasing alfalfa yield, forage chemical composition and digestibility
Il riflesso della cultura mediterranea nel mondo paremiologico italiano e spagnolo
No full textIn questo lavoro ci prefissiamo l’obiettivo di svelare alcuni aspetti della cultura mediterranea attraverso un approccio fraseologico e paremiologico, e riflettere su questi aspetti “segreti” di un mondo che ci è consueto per tanti altri motivi
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Cannoli, sciù, iris, and cassata. Sicilian pastries in Pif’s debut novel "... che Dio perdona a tutti"
No full textIf we consider the material nature of food itself, we may simply state that its function is to satisfy a basic need and that it represents the response to the stimulus of hunger. Yet, “much research from the social sciences shows that there is more to food than its material nature and that it takes on cultural connotations.” (Martinengo 2015: 9). Indeed, the importance of food as an expression of cultural identity is a fact, as “elaboration of the cultural significance of food and eating focuses on social values, meanings and beliefs rather than on dietary requirements and nutritional values” (Murcott 1982: 203). Such issues have been extensively investigated by scholars from different disciplines, who all agree in emphasizing the paramountcy of food in relation to culture and identity. The cultural importance of food is even more evident if we consider the specific case of desserts. As a matter of fact, “dessert is fundamentally completely unnecessary from a nutritional standpoint” (Krondl 2011). Dessert, Krondl says, is akin to music, architecture, painting and sculpture. Whatever drives us to make and consume sweets triggers the same desires that brought us Notre Dame, the Taj Mahal and Disneyland. Desserts reflect what makes our species unique. Moreover, according to the scholar, Italy belongs to those areas that he calls “dessert superpowers”, which have a particularly important dessert tradition. Sicily, in particular, is definitely renowned for its pastry tradition. It is no surprise, then, that most novels set in Sicily refer at some point to its famous pastries. This paper will analyse the case of Pif’s debut novel “... che Dio perdona a tutti”, whose main character is obsessed with pastries, and, consequently, presents an extremely vast number of references to them
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
“Per mille sardine!” Italian identity in the Pixar animated film Luca and in its Italian dubbed version
No full textThis paper investigates the construction of Italian identity in the film Luca (2021), focusing in particular on the use of language and on the strategies used in its Italian dubbed version. Luca is a film where the construction of Italian identity is undoubtedly extremely important, which has been achieved by exploiting various strategies, both narrative, visual, and verbal. The aim of the study was to focus in particular on the importance of language, as it turns out to be crucial for the identification of the characters as belonging to either the group of the
sea monsters or the group of human beings. The sea monsters, in fact, speak a language variety identifiable as standard General American English, whereas the humans speak English with a thick Italian accent, and their variety is interspersed with Italian words/phrases and sometimes they also switch to Italian at the level of entire sentences. The analysis of the Italian dubbed version of the film has revealed that the Italian dubbing professionals have opted for a general strategy of neutralization, therefore erasing any trace of distinction between the variety spoken by the sea monsters and that spoken by the humans, as all characters speak standard Italian, with no accents or other distinctive features
Spaghetti and Guns: Food in Hollywood Mafia Movies
No full textIt is a fact that “(f)ood is one of the hubs around which all cultures, and all social life in general, revolve” (Torresi 2004: 229). The importance of food for Italians is particularly evident, as food is and has always been an emblem of Italian culture. For Italian immigrants in the United States food continued to be an essential factor of identity, as is witnessed by several studies (Cauti 1998; Cinotto 2013; Tamburri 2003; Torresi 2004). Therefore, it is not surprising that this is one of the elements that have been selected in order to convey the origins of Italian American characters in Hollywood cinema, as “food and foodways are one of the most powerful means of ethnic characterization”, as pointed out by Bollettieri Bosinelli et al. (2005: 419). Mafia movies are no exception, as most Italian American mobsters are usually presented as competent cooks. This might seem to be in contrast with the image of the mafia man, and with the image of the Italian man in general, who is usually portrayed as a strong and bold man that traditionally delegates all family chores (including cooking) to his wife. In spite of this, food and cooking definitely represent a constant element in mafia movies, as confirmed by De Stefano (2006: 218): “Every mafia movie fan knows that food, its preparation and consumption in massive quantities, is a convention of the genre”. It is not a case that food is extremely important also for Sicilian Mafiosi, and surely this element of fictional characterization derives from its context of origin. This paper will show how Hollywood cinema has selected the food element in order to contribute to the construction of the identity of Italian American mobsters in an immediate and easily recognizable way. The recurrence of the element in films throughout the years has reinforced this sign of characterization, making it more and more powerful, so that food has become an ever present and inevitable feature in this genre
Dagos, Mobsters, Cooks, Latin Lovers, Saints and Whores: Italians in Spike Lee's Summer of Sam
No full textAs is well-known, Italians and Americans of Italian descent have been the subject of a very vast number of American films since the times of the silent era. Throughout the years such representations have contributed to creating stereotyped images of Italian Americans, which have been portrayed in various film genres. In fact, even if today the Italian American community is an integral part of American society and culture, “Hollywood Italians continue to stand out as a group in the Hollywood pantheon, remaining far more ‘ethnic’ than their real counterparts” (Bondanella 2004: 12). Such stereotypical representations concern both male and female characters representing Americans of Italian descent, who keep being represented as “the Other”. Moreover, these characters are also linguistically connoted, as their variety can be defined as an ethnolect, and quite often also as a sociolect. It is interesting to note that also Italian dubbing professionals tend to perpetuate the same choices when it comes to translating such variety into Italian. Consequently, we can talk about sterotyping also in translation. The use of the Sicilian regiolect, indeed, seems to have become a conventionalized practice for some specific characters, though not for all of them. The aim of this paper is to present the various stereotyped characterizations of Hollywood Italian American men and women taking as a case study the film Summer of Sam (by Spike Lee) and the strategies used in Italian dubbing to transpose their variety
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