1,720,963 research outputs found
Disputes in surgery of ulcerative colitis. Restorative proctocolectomy: manual or mechanical anastomosis?
No full textBackground-Aim. One of the controversial aspects in surgery of the UC is related to the opportunity to perform or not the mucosectomy of the last 1-2 cm of the rectal ampulla in the course of restorative proctocolectomy or IPAA (ileal pouch-anal anastomosis) and therefore the necessity or otherwise of resort to a manual anastomosis. The introduction and dissemination of the staplers have led to their greater use in packaging ileal pouch and ileo¬-anal anastomosis for their presumed ease of execution. This implies left in place the last 1-2 cm of the rectal mucosa; the innervation of the transition anal zone is preserved and sphincter damage would be reduced to a minimum; also the anastomosis would be subjected to less stress.
Methods. A review of the literature of the last two decades was conducted to analyze the current role of surgery in the management of UC.
Results.A meta-analysis of 4183 patients (2699 underwent total proctocolectomy with mucosectomy and manual ileo-anal anastomosis and 1484 underwent IPAA with stapler but without mucosectomy) has not point out significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications. The incidence of nocturnal seepage and the need for antidiarrhoeal drugs argue in favor of the staplers. Manometric surveys show that pressures at rest and under stress are reduced in the group of manual anastomosis. Against the use of staplers were given the higher incidence of cuffite and the consequent increased risk of carcinogenesis. However in a recent review of the literature are reported only 17 cases of cancer; in 12 cases, dysplasia or cancer were in the resected specimen; all 17 patients had a diagnosis of UC by at least 10 years.
Discussion-Conclusions. With increasing experience it has been observed that the mucosectomy is burdened by alterations in innervation and in sphincter function, and furthermore introduces minimal benefits as regards the control of the disease. Shows the importance of a careful follow-up: monitoring should be initiated in all cases after 10 years of disease onset; in patients undergoing IPAA with the use of staplers has recommended a more intense and careful monitoring, with multiple biopsies in those cases where it is documented the presence of dysplasia or cancer in the surgical resected specimen
Post-operative recurrences in Crohn's disease.
No full textBackground. Crohn's disease is associated with high rates of postoperative recurrence. By 10 years postoperatively a high percentage of patient suffer clinical relapses (as many as 75% and above) and many of these (up to 45%) require re-intervention.
Aim. The aim of the study was to identify, among the various potentially predictive factors, those which today can be considered real risk factors for postoperative recurrence.
Methods. A review of the literature of the last 25 years was carried out. Factors related to the patient, disease, type of surgery and pharmacological treatment were analyzed.
Results. The relapse rate we recorded was 41.17% (28 of 62 patients operated on in the last 20 years included in an average 6-year follow up (range: 1-19 years). Significant predictive factors, in addition to duration of the follow up and smoking, are also the localization of the disease in the colon, extent more than 100 cm and the absence of postoperative pharmacological prophylaxis.
Conclusions. The high incidence of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease mandates a strict follow up (clinical, laboratory and instrumental monitoring). Identifying patients at increased risk would enable physicians to implement a rational pharmacological prophylaxis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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