8,321 research outputs found
Virtual Book Launch: Russ Davidson author of: Joaquín Ortega: Forging Pan-Americanism at the University of New Mexico
No full textRuss Davidson, author of Joaquín Ortega: Forging Pan-Americanism at the University of New Mexico In conversation with Felipe Gonzales and Christine Sierra
Russ Davidson served as a curator of Latin American and Iberian collections and was a professor of librarianship at the University of New Mexico from 1979 to 2004.
Phillip b. (Felipe) Gonzales is a professor emeritus of sociology at the University of New Mexico. As a historical sociologist, his research has primarily focused on the Nuevomexicano Hispanic group of New Mexico. He is the author, co-author, or editor of four books and numerous articles on Nuevomexicano identity, politics, and economic status.
Christine Marie Sierra is a professor emerita of political science at the University of New Mexico and a former director of the Southwest Hispanic Research Institute. Her teaching career at UNM spanned twenty-eight years, and her research has focused on the study of race, ethnicity, and gender in US politics, Mexican American activism on immigration policy, and Hispanic politics in New Mexico.https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/laii_events/1091/thumbnail.jp
Russ Hall - Postcard
No full textColor version of the Russ Hall, 1908 (RussHall006) postcard labelled Russ Hall, Manual Training Normal School, Pittsburg, Kans.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/russbuilding/1056/thumbnail.jp
Russ, John C.
No full textEdward T. Russ, his brother. Record states the residence as Victoria, and that the body was shipped to Victoria.https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cfm-ch-memoranda-1907/1004/thumbnail.jp
Russ Hall - Postcard
No full textRuss Hall, Kansas State Teachers College, Pittsburg, Kansas, postcard.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/russbuilding/1043/thumbnail.jp
Camp Vernon trainee Russ Clarke
No full textRuss, of Nelson, gives his trousers a quick once-over before taking in the night life. Vancouver News-Herald article 1941
Russ Hall - Postcard Front (Mr. Louis Van Dorp)
No full textFront of a postcard from J. C. P. to Mr. Louis Van Dorp of Topeka. It depicts Russ Hall at State Manual Training Normal, Pittsburghttps://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/russbuilding/1038/thumbnail.jp
Cambarus lapidosus Perkins, Williams & Russ 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Cambarus lapidosus</i> Perkins, Williams & Russ, sp. nov. <p>Figures 3–5, Table 3</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Body and eyes pigmented. Base of rostrum broad, mid and anterior portions subparallel, weakly excavated, ventrally deflected, margins thickened to acumen, without spines or tubercles; median carina not present. Acumen well-defined with prominent terminal, dorsally-deflected, spiniform tubercle. Rostrum 1.01–1.44 (x = 1.21, n=26) times long as wide.</p> <p>Areola 1.2–3.7 (x = 2.73, n=26) times long as wide, with 5–7 punctations through narrowest point. Carapace compressed dorsoventrally, subovate in cross section; lateral area of branchiostegal region heavily tuberculate; 1–4 well-defined cervical tubercles, rarely spiniform. Branchiostegal spine present but greatly reduced. Postorbital ridge well-developed, not terminating in tubercle or spine. Suborbital angle strongly acute, not terminating in tubercle or spine.</p> <p>Mesial palm of chelae with two prominent rows of well-developed cristiform tubercles; both rows with 5–8 tubercles. The majority of specimens measured (84%, n=21) possess one subpalmar tubercle; 4% (n=1) possess 2 subpalmar tubercles, and 12% (n=3) had none. Opposable margin of propodus typically with 5–7 well-developed denticles, from base consisting of 3–4 tubercles, 2–3 reduced tubercles, terminating in sharply pointed fourth tubercle; denticles extending an average of 73.2% of distal length. Opposable margin of dactyl with 5–8 denticles, from base consisting of 4–5 tubercles, tapering to 2–3 reduced tubercles; denticles extending an average of 58.0% distal length. Dactyl with 5–9 tubercles along dorsal surface, tapering in count and prominence towards terminus. Palm length to dactyl length ratio averaging 0.69. Sharp corneous tips present on dactyl and fixed finger of propodus. Carpus with one large well-developed spine on mesial margin, with one additional spiniform tubercle towards posterior margin of carpus, occasionally expressed as well-developed spine in some individuals (31%, n=23).</p> <p>First pleopod of form I male with long terminal elements; central projection not tapered, curved greater than 90° to shaft of gonopod, with conspicuous subapical notch, length extending greater than the marginal terminus of the mesial process; mesial process recurved> 90° to main shaft, conically-shaped at base, tapering to a rounded terminus projecting beyond margin of main shaft, directed caudolaterally. Form II male central projection rounded, curved 90° to mesial process, approximately equal in length; mesial process conical, tapering to a rounded terminus, directed caudolaterally, terminal length greater than margin of shaft. Hooks on ischium of third pereiopods in form I and II males. Female annulus ventralis asymmetrical and appearing sclerotized caudally; distinct “S”-shaped bend, terminating in caudal portion; cephalic portion consists of median trough leading to central fossa, not sclerotized.</p> <p> <b>Holotypic Male, Form I (Fig. 3-4; Table 3).</b> Body somewhat compressed dorsoventrally; carapace posterior to cervical groove wider than abdomen. Carapace width greater than carapace depth at caudodorsal margin of cervical groove. Total carapace length 49.7 mm, PCL 42.1 mm. Areola 2.6 times longer than wide, moderately broad with 6 punctations across the narrowest section. Rostrum excavated; margins moderately thickened, subparallel and tapering at acumen. Rostrum 1.3 times longer than width at base, moderately truncated, acumen well-defined and terminating in deflected corneous tip; floor of rostrum with numerous punctations. Postorbital ridge well-developed but lacking well-defined terminal tubercle. Suborbital angle acute, lacking terminal tubercle. Cluster of 4 tubercles present at lateral margin of cervical groove. Orbital, branchiostegal, and mandibular regions of carapace with well-developed tubercles; greatest tubercle density in hepatic region. Branchiostegal spine present but reduced. Abdomen subequal in length to carapace, 1.7 times longer than wide, pleura rounded cephaloventrally and angled caudoventrally. Lateral margin of terga weakly angulate, lateral margin of second pleuron with deep furrow. Cephalic section of telson with 2 conspicuous spines in each caudolateral corner. Proximal podomere of uropod with distal spine on mesial lobe. Mesial ramus of uropod with median ridge tapering distally, terminating in median spine not extending beyond margin of ramus; laterodistal spine absent. Distal margin of proximal segment of lateral ramus of right uropod with 1 large fixed lateral spine, 1 reduced movable spine, and numerous small immovable spines. Cephalomedian lobe of epistome subtriangular, thin, lateral margins weakly inflated, tapering medially to conspicuous anterior terminus; zygoma moderately arched; cephalolateral margins thickened, rounded at junction with endostyle; body of epistome possessing prominent median fovea.Antennal scale broadest proximally, setiferous along mesial margin, lateral margin thickened and terminating in large spine. Right antennal scale 2.1 times longer than wide. Antennae extending to anterior margin of rami when adpressed. All following descriptions from right chela: mesial surface with two rows of 7 well-defined tubercles; palm length 69.7% palm width; dorsal longitudinal ridge of dactyl with 12 scattered well-defined tubercles, dactyl terminating in corneous spine; moderately pronounced dorsomedian ridge on fixed finger of propodus, scattered and numerous punctations throughout, absent of elongated setae, terminating in corneous tip; opposable margin of propodus from base consisting of 5 well-defined tubercles, one smaller tubercle, ending in sharply pointed tubercle; opposable margin of dactyl from base consisting of 4 well-defined tubercles and 4 smaller tubercles tapering in size to terminus; small subpalmar tubercle absent on right chelae but present on left chelae; carpus with prominent dorsal furrow, surface with scattered punctuations, mesial margin with large procurved spine and reduced anterior proximal spine; distodorsal surface of merus with 14 spines and spiniform tubercles, ventromesial ridge with 2 well-developed spiniform tubercles, ventrolateral ridge with 4 small spines. Well-developed hooks on ischium of third pereiopods. Form I gonopod as described in Diagnosis.</p> <p> <b>Allotypic Female (Fig. 3, Table 3).</b> Differing from holotype in the following respects: carapace damaged with dorsolongitudinal crack; TCL 32.7 mm, PCL 26.6 mm; areola 2.4 times longer than wide; rostrum length and width approximately equal at base; abdomen 1.5 times longer than wide. All following descriptions from right chela; mesial margin with one row of 7 well-developed tubercles and a second row of 6 well-developed tubercles; palm length 75% palm width; single small subpalmar tubercle present on both chelae. Antennae extending to fourth terga when adpressed. Antennal scale 1.7 times longer than wide. Specimen lacks all male secondary sexual traits. Annulus ventralis as described in Diagnosis.</p> <p> <b>Morphotypic Male, Form II (Fig. 3, Table 3).</b> Differing from the holotype in the following respects: TCL 32.7 mm, PCL 26.6 mm; areola 2.7 times longer than wide, rostrum 1.1 times longer than wide at base; abdomen 1.7 times longer than wide. All following descriptions from right chela: mesial margin with one row of 7 well-developed tubercles and a second row of 8 well-developed tubercles; palm length 68% palm width; single reduced subpalmar tubercle present. Antennae extending to posterior margin of second terga when adpressed. Antennal scale 1.9 times longer than wide. Hooks on ischium of third pereiopods weekly developed. Form II gonopod as described in Diagnosis.</p> <p> <b>Size.</b> Form I male (n = 9) TCL ranging in size from 37.9 mm to 49.7 mm (x= 40.3, SD = 3.76). Form II male (n = 7) TCL ranging in size from 31.4 mm to 44.2 mm (x = 36.2, SD = 4.81). Female (n = 10) TCL ranging 25.7 mm to 43.2 mm (x = 35.3, SD = 6.22). The largest specimen observed was the holotypic form I male measuring 49.7 mm TCL.</p> <p> <b>Color Notes.</b> <i>Cambarus lapidosus</i> (Fig. 4–5) carapace ground color mottled, olivaceous to brown. Cephalic portion of carapace immediately anterior to cervical groove dark, forming narrow saddle; mandibular adductor scars mottled, light brown to olivaceous. Posterior portion of carapace, immediately anterior to abdomen, with rust-colored dorsal patch; sides of carapace darkened with heavy mottling. Hepatic region olive, punctuated with cream-colored tubercles. Rostrum ground color olive, margins of acumen ochre to tan. Lateral margin of antennal scale olive to brown, body light brown to cream. Antennae and antennules olive to brown. Dorsal surface of chelae mottled, olive to brown, tubercles on mesial margin and surface of dactyl cream-colored; ventral surface of chelae cream. Denticles on opposable surfaces of chelae cream-colored. Dorsal surface of carpus olivaceous, carpus spine and tubercles cream-colored. Ventral surface of carpus tan to cream. Dorsal surface of merus olive to brown, ventral surface tan to cream, tubercles cream-colored. Dorsal surface of abdomen ground color mottled, deeper olive to brown, posterior margins of terga light brown to tan, pleura olivaceous. Ventral surface of abdomen olive to light brown, swimmerets brown to tan. Dorsal ridge of form I gonopod amber, body of gonopod, mesial process, shaft cream-colored to tan. Form II process and shaft cream-colored or tan. Annulus ventralis cream-colored to brown. Juvenile coloration is similar to that observed in adults.</p> <p> <b>Type Locality.</b> Stony Fork, in the vicinity of the SR 1167 (Mt. Zion Road) bridge crossing, approximately 8 km SW of Laxon and 1 km upstream of the Flowers Branch confluence (N 36.1949, W 81.4660), Watauga County, North Carolina (Fig. 6). This section of Stony Fork is approximately 645 m elevation above sea level, buffered by a secondary forest of intact hardwoods and high canopy cover, approximately 5 m width, 0.25 m in depth, with a clean heterogenous stream bottom composed primarily of gravel, cobble, and boulder; secondarily composed of bedrock, sand, and woody debris/organic material. The holotype was collected 29 October 2019, and the allotype and morphotype were collected 6 November 2017.</p> <p> <b>Disposition of types.</b> The holotype, allotype, morphotype, and four paratypes are deposited in the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Non-molluscan Invertebrates Collection, catalog numbers NCSM 90222, 90223, 90224, and 90241, respectively. Two additional paratypes, 1 MI and 1 F, are deposited in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Invertebrate Zoology Collection, USNM XXXXXXX and XXXXXXX, respectively.</p> <p> <b>Range and specimens examined.</b> NORTH CAROLINA, <i>Watauga County:</i> <b>1</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90236</b> — Stony Fork at SR 1500 bridge, Mt. Zion Rd., N 36.1949 W 81.4660, 1 F, 29 October 2019, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>2</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90222 Holotype</b> — Stony Fork at SR 1500 bridge, Mt. Zion Rd., N 36.1949 W 81.4660, 1 MI, 29 October 2019, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>3</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90241 Paratypes</b> — Orchard Creek at SR 1362 Bridge, Orchard Creek Rd., N 36.2157 W 81.4735, 1 MI, 1 MII, 2 F, 19 November 2020, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>4</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90242</b> — Orchard Creek at SR 1362 Bridge, Orchard Creek Rd., N 36.2157 W 81.4735, 1 M juv; 19 November 2020, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>5</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90237</b> Stony Fork at SR 1505 bridge, Stony Fork Rd., N 36.2109 W 81.4819, 2 MI, 1 MII, 1 F, 1 F juv; 19 November 2020, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>6</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90238 —</b> Flowers Branch at SR 1501 bridge, Flowers Branch Rd., N 36.1939 W 81.4754, 1 MI, 1 MII, 1 F, 19 November 2020, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>7</b> <b>)</b> <b>USNM XXXXXXX</b> — Wildcat Creek at SR 1505 bridge, Wildcat Rd., N 36.1992 W 81.5013, 1 MI, 1 F, 19 November 2020, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>8</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90223 Allotype —</b> Stony Fork at SR 1500 Bridge, Mt. Zion Church Rd. approximately 50 m upstream of the Flowers Branch confluence, N 36.1895 W 81.4661, 1 F, B.W. Williams, M.A. Perkins, S.G. Anderson; <b>9</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90224 Morphotype—</b> Stony Fork at SR 1500 Bridge, Mt. Zion Church Rd. approximately 50 m upstream of the Flowers Branch confluence, N 36.1895 W 81.4661, 1 MII, B.W. Williams, M.A. Perkins, S.G. Anderson; <b>10</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90244</b> — Stony Fork at SR 1500 Bridge, Mt. Zion Church Rd. approximately 50 m upstream of the Flowers Branch confluence, N 36.1895 W 81.4661, 1 MI, B.W. Williams, M.A. Perkins, S.G. Anderson; <b>11</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 3314</b> — Stony Fork at intersection of Mt. Zion Rd (SR 1500) and Hayes Welborn Rd (SR 1505), 2 F, 2 M juv, 23 July 1996, L. Eaton & N. Medlin.</p> <p> <i>Wilkes County</i>: <b>12)</b> <b>NCSM 90232</b> — Stony Fork at CR 1167 bridge, Stony Fork Rd., N 36.1773 W 81.4654, 1 MI, 1 F, 1 M juv, 19 November 2020, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>13</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90233</b> — Stony Fork at SR 1167 bridge, Stony Fork Rd., approximately 50 m downstream of Stony Fork Falls, N 36.1695 W 81.4659, 1 MI, 2 F, 2 M juv, 19 November 2020, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>14</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90234</b> — Left Prong Stony Fork at SR 1155, Lee Mountain Rd., N 36.1504 W 81.4652, 2 MI, 19 November 2020, M.A. Perkins, W. T. Russ & W.J. Russ; <b>15</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90231</b> — Stony Fork at SR 1167, Stony Fork Rd., N 36.1561 W 81.4563, 1 M juv, 20 November 2020, M.A. Perkins & B.W. Williams.</p> <p> <b>Conservation status.</b> <i>Cambarus lapidosus</i> is locally common but narrowly distributed in the headwaters of a single small watershed in western North Carolina, with an estimated current extent of approximately 85 km 2. The population size for <i>C. lapidosus</i> is currently unknown. While an assessment of threats to the stability of the species is incomplete at this time, habitat degradation and diminished water quality from agriculture and silviculture impact some areas of the watershed, and necessitate future monitoring. Because of these threats, coupled with the species’ narrow distribution, we suggest that the species be assigned the status of G1/S1 (Endangered) based on NatureServe criteria (NatureServe 2020;) and Endangered (EN) based on International Union for the Conservation of Nature criteria (IUCN 2001; B2 a,b <i>i-iv</i>).</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Approximately 88% of the 26 individuals examined possess at least one subpalmar tubercle on the ventral palm of each chelae; 4% of individuals examined possess two subpalmar tubercles. Juveniles and sub-adults lack well-developed chelae making detection of subpalmar tubercles—a key character in identification of this species—difficult. As with other species in the genus <i>Cambarus</i>, <i>C. lapidosus</i> exhibits sexual dimorphism in reproductive structures. We have not observed any obvious spatial variation in this species.</p> <p> <b>Life history.</b> Collections of <i>C. lapidosus</i> have been limited to the months of July, October, and November. First and second form males have been observed in October and November. Females in glare have been observed in November and December. Young-of-year have not been observed. The species appears to prefer cool, clean 2 nd to 3 rd order streams and has been collected almost exclusively from under large cobbles (approx. 25 cm in length) to small boulders (approx. 100 cm in length) in moderately deep riffles or runs (0.1 m to 0.5 m) with moderate to high flow and high canopy cover.</p> <p> <b>Crayfish associates.</b> Several native stream-dwelling associate crayfish species are thought to occur with <i>C. lapidosus</i> including <i>C.</i> species C, and members of the <i>Cambarus longulus</i> Girard, 1852 and <i>Cambarus bartonii</i> (Fabricius, 1798) species complexes. <i>Cambarus</i> [aff.] <i>dubius</i> Faxon, 1884, a primary burrower, was observed in burrows along stream banks.</p> <p> <b>Relationships and comparisons.</b> <i>Cambarus lapidosus</i> is superficially similar to several described species and yet-diagnosed members of the genus <i>Cambarus</i> in Atlantic Slope and interior basin streams. <i>Cambarus lapidosus</i> was previously subsumed within <i>C.</i> species C, the dominant species complex occuring in Atlantic Slope drainages in the Mountain and Piedmont ecoregions of NC. <i>Cambarus</i> species C from the upper Yadkin and adjacent Catawba basins in NC represents at least one morphologically distinct species and can be differentiated from <i>C. lapidosus</i> by the absence of subpalmar tubercles on the palm of the chelae and the presence of conspicuous cervical spines. The lower reaches and small tributaries of the Stony Fork watershed are dominated by <i>C.</i> species C, from approximately downstream of Stony Fork Falls to near the confluence with the mainstem Yadkin River; however, the two taxa do co-occur in some reaches downstream, and in the proximity, of Stony Fork Falls, and in the lower Left Prong Stony Fork. Stony Fork Falls appears to be a barrier to upstream migration of <i>C.</i> species C, but not to downstream movement of <i>C. lapidosus</i>.</p> <p> Despite its historic affiliation with <i>C.</i> species C, <i>C. lapidosus</i> is more morphologically and genetically similar to undiagnosed forms of <i>C.</i> aff. <i>robustus</i> occurring in interior basins of the NC mountain region. These yet undescribed forms—from the New and Watauga River basins—both possess a more widely-punctate areola (8–10 punctations) and sometimes lack the subpalmar tubercles on the palm of the chelae more often-exhibited by <i>C. lapidosus</i>. Futhermore, <i>C. lapidosus</i> is not known to occur in any interior basin streams, and is therefore geographically isolated from other taxa currently subsumed within the <i>C. robustus</i> complex.</p> <p> <i>Cambarus lapidosus</i> is genetically most similar to <i>C. burchfielae,</i> described below, which occurs in the neighboring Lewis Fork drainage. These species are easily morphologically distinguished from each other despite their genetic and geographic affinities. <i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> typically lacks a double row of well-developed cristiform tubercles on the mesial margin of the chelae and tubercles on the dorsal surface of the dactyl are absent or greatly reduced, possesses a narrower and more-sparsely punctate areola (4–5 punctations), and typically lacks the rusty pigment patch on the dorsal surface of the carapace immediately anterior of the abdomen common to <i>C. lapidosus, C.</i> species C, and <i>Cambarus johni</i> Cooper, 2006. These species can also be differentiated by subtle differences in gonopod morphology (see Figs. 3 & 7); the central projection of the form I gonopod of <i>C. lapidosus</i> is longer and more strongly-curved than <i>C. burchfielae</i>. Conversely, the central projection of the form II gonopod of <i>C. burchfielae</i> extends beyond the margin of the mesial process whereas the processes are approximately equal in length in <i>C. lapidosus.</i></p> <p> <i>Cambarus lapidosus</i> is easily distinguished from other congeners in the upper Yadkin River basin. <i>C.</i> aff. <i>bartonii</i> is a small species characterized by a wide and truncate rostrum, single row of tubercles on the mesial margin of the chelae, and narrow sparsely punctate areola (3–4 punctations). <i>Cambarus</i> aff. <i>longulus</i> is a small species easily characterized by conspicuous tufts of setae at the base of the opposable margin of the propodus and a narrow rostrum with an elongated acumen; the species is not known to occur upstream of Stony Fork Falls. <i>Cambarus johni</i> lacks su
Draft genome sequence and detailed analysis of Pantoea eucrina strain Russ and implication for opportunistic pathogenesis
No full textAbstractThe genus Pantoea is a predominant member of host-associated microbiome. We here report on the genomic analysis of Pantoea eucrina strain Russ that was isolated from a trashcan at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. The draft genome of Pantoea eucrina strain Russ consists of 3,939,877bp of DNA with 3704 protein-coding genes and 134 RNA genes. This is the first report of a genome sequence of a member of Pantoea eucrina. Genomic analysis revealed metabolic versatility with genes involved in the metabolism and transport of all amino acids as well as glucose, fructose, mannose, xylose, arabinose and galactose, suggesting the organism is a versatile heterotroph. The genome also encodes an extensive secretory machinery including types I, II, III, IV, and Vb secretion systems, and several genes for pili production including the new usher/chaperone system (pfam 05,229). The implications of these systems for opportunistic pathogenesis are discussed
Cambarus burchfielae Perkins, Williams & Russ 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> Perkins, Williams & Russ, sp. nov. <p>Figures 7–9, Table 4</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Body and eyes pigmented. Base of rostrum broad, mid and anterior portions subparallel, weakly excavated, ventrally deflected, margins thickened to acumen, without spines or tubercles; median carina not present. Acumen well-defined, with prominent terminal, dorsally-deflected, spiniform tubercle. Rostrum 1.00–1.58 (x = 1.24, n = 25) times long as wide.</p> <p>Areola 2.26–4.00 (x = 3.07, n = 25) times long as wide, with 4–5 punctations through narrowest point. Carapace compressed dorsoventrally, subovate in cross section; lateral area of branchiostegal region heavily tuberculate; typically 1 or more weakly-defined cervical tubercles, rarely spiniform. Branchiostegal spine absent or greatly reduced. Postorbital ridge well-developed, not terminating in tubercle or spine. Suborbital angle moderately acute, not terminating in tubercle or spine.</p> <p>Mesial palm of chelae with one row of 5–7 typically weakly-developed cristiform tubercles (n=22). Subpalmar tubercles usually absent, but at least one reduced subpalmar tubercle present in several individuals examined (44.4%, n=27); some specimens rarely with 2 tubercles (7.4%). Opposable margin of propodus typically with 6–8 well-developed denticles, roughly equivalent in size, terminating in pronounced, sometimes pointed terminal tubercle; denticles extending an average of 52.2% of distal length. Opposable margin of dactyl with 5–7 denticles, roughly equivalent but tapering in size distally, denticles extending an average of 41.6% distal length. Dactyl typically smooth along dorsal surface, but rarely with 1–3 weakly-pronounced tubercles. Palm length to dactyl length ratio averaging 0.51. Sharp corneous tip present on dactyl and fixed finger of propodus. Carpus typically with one large, well-developed spine on mesial margin, with one reduced tubercle towards posterior margin of the carpus.</p> <p>First pleopod of form I male with long terminal elements; central projection not tapered, curved approximately 90° to shaft of gonopod, with conspicuous subapical notch, length approximately equal to the marginal terminus of the mesial process; mesial process curved 90° to main shaft, conically shaped at base, tapering to a rounded terminus projecting beyond the margin of the main shaft, directed caudolaterally. Form II male central projection rounded, curved 90° to mesial process, terminal margin extending beyond the mesial process terminus; mesial process conical, directed caudolaterally, tapering to a rounded terminus with small laterally-deflected tip, terminal length greater than margin of shaft. Hooks on ischium of third pereiopods in from I and II males. Female annulus ventralis asymmetrical and appearing sclerotized caudally; distinct “S”-shaped bend, terminating in caudal portion; cephalic portion consists of median trough leading to central fossa, not sclerotized.</p> <p> <b>Holotypic Male, Form I (Fig. 7–8; Table 4).</b> Body somewhat compressed dorsoventrally; carapace posterior to cervical groove wider than abdomen. Carapace width greater than carapace depth at caudodorsal margin of cervical groove. Total carapace length 45.4, PCL 38.6. Areola 3.9 times longer than wide, somewhat narrow with 4 punctations across the narrowest section. Rostrum excavated; margins moderately thickened, subparallel and tapering to acumen. Rostrum 1.1 times longer than width at base, moderately truncated, acumen well-defined and terminating in deflected corneous tip; floor of rostrum with numerous punctations. Postorbital ridge well-developed but lacking well-defined terminal tubercle. Suborbital angle acute, lacking terminal tubercle. Single tubercle present at lateral margin of cervical groove. Orbital, branchiostegal, and mandibular regions of carapace with well-developed tubercles; greatest tubercle density in hepatic region. Branchiostegal spine present but strongly reduced. Abdomen subequal in length to carapace, 1.6 times longer than wide, pleura rounded cephaloventrally and angled caudoventrally. Lateral margin of terga weakly angulate, lateral margin of second pleuron with deep furrow. Cephalic section of telson with 2 conspicuous spines in each caudolateral corner. Proximal podomere of uropod with distal spine on mesial lobe. Mesial ramus of uropod with median ridge tapering distally, terminating in median spine not extending beyond margin of ramus; laterodistal spine present but reduced. Distal margin of proximal segment of lateral ramus of right uropod with 1 large fixed lateral spine, 1 reduced movable spine, and numerous small immovable spines. Cephalomedian lobe of epistome subtriangular, thin, lateral margins weakly inflated, tapering medially to conspicuous anterior terminus; zygoma moderately arched; cephalolateral margins thickened, rounded at junction with endostyle; body of epistome possessing prominent median fovea. Antennal scale broadest proximally, setiferous along mesial margin, lateral margin thickened and terminating in large spine. Right antennal scale 2.5 times longer than wide. Antennae extending just beyond posterior margin of lateral rami when adpressed. All following descriptions from right chela. Mesial surface with one row of 6 weakly-defined tubercles. Palm length 78.9% palm width. Dorsal longitudinal ridge of dactyl smooth, dactyl terminating in corneous spine. Weakly pronounced dorsomedian ridge on fixed finger of propodus; scattered and numerous punctations throughout, absent of elongated setae; terminating in corneous tip. Opposable margin of propodus from base consisting of 4 well-defined tubercles, one smaller tubercle, ending in sharply pointed tubercle. Opposable margin of dactyl from base consisting of 4 well-defined tubercles and 2 smaller tubercles tapering in size to terminus. Subpalmar tubercle absent. Carpus with prominent dorsal furrow, surface with scattered punctuations, mesial margin with single large procurved spine. Distodorsal surface of merus with 9 spines and spiniform tubercles, ventromesial ridge with 1 weakly-developed spiniform tubercle, ventrolateral ridge with 2 small spines. Well-developed hooks on ischium of third pereiopods. Form I gonopod as described in Diagnosis.</p> <p> <b>Allotypic Female (Fig. 7 & 9, Table 4).</b> Differing from holotype in the following respects: TCL 42.3 mm, PCL 36.3 mm; areola 3.3 times longer than wide; rostrum 1.2 times longer than width at base; custer of 5 tubercles present at lateral margin of cervical groove; areola with 5 punctations across narrowest point; abdomen 1.5 times longer than wide. Right chela regenerated, all following descriptions from left chela: mesial margin with one row of 6 weakly-developed tubercles; palm length 80.1% palm width; single small subpalmar tubercle present; mesial margin of carpus with well-developed large procurved spine and proximal spiniform tubercle. Antennae extending to fifth terga when adpressed. Antennal scale 2.4 times longer than wide. Specimen lacks all male secondary sexual traits. Annulus ventralis as described in Diagnosis. Specimen in glair.</p> <p> <b>Morphotypic Male, Form II (Fig. 7, Table 4).</b> Differing from the holotype in the following respects: TCL 31.0 mm, PCL 26.0; areola 3.3 times longer than wide; rostrum 1.1 times longer than wide at base; abdomen 1.7 times longer than wide. Right chela regenerated, all following descriptions from left chela: mesial margin with one row of 6 weakly-developed tubercles; palm length 67.3% palm width; two small subpalmar tubercles present. Antennae extending to posterior margin of second terga when adpressed. Antennal scale 2.2 times longer than wide. Hooks on ischium of third pereiopods weekly developed. Form II gonopod as described in Diagnosis.</p> <p> <b>Size.</b> Form I male (n = 8) TCL ranging in size from 31.9 mm to 45.4 mm (x = 38.1, SD = 4.34). Form II male (n = 7) TCL ranging in size from 31.1 mm to 40.0 mm (x = 35.2, SD = 3.01). Female (n = 10) TCL ranging 23.2 mm to 42.3 mm (x = 37.3, SD = 5.48). The largest specimen observed was the holotypic from I male measuring 40.6 mm TCL.</p> <p> <b>Color Notes.</b> <i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> (Fig. 8) carapace ground color mottled, brown to dark orange-brown. Mandibular adductor scars mottled, brown. Sides of carapace darkened, often with heavy mottling. Hepatic region mottled brown to tan, punctuated with tan tubercles. Rostrum ground color brown to olivaceous, margins of acumen rusty-brown to tan. Lateral margin of antennal scale brown, body light brown to cream. Antennae and antennules brown to olivaceous. Dorsal surface of chelae mottled, orange-brown to olivaceous, tubercles on mesial margin and not conspicuous, same as surface color of the chelae; ventral surface of chelae tan to cream. Denticles on opposable surfaces of chelae cream-colored. Dorsal surface of carpus mottled olivaceous and orange-brown, carpus spine and tubercles cream-colored. Ventral surface of carpus tan to cream. Dorsal surface of merus brown to olive, ventral surface tan to cream, tubercles cream-colored. Dorsal surface of abdomen ground color mottled, deeper orange-brown to olivaceous, posterior margins of terga mottled, pleura olivaceous to orange brown. Ventral surface of abdomen light brown to tan, swimmerets tan. Dorsal ridge of form I gonopod amber, body of gonopod, mesial process, shaft cream-colored to tan. Form II process and shaft cream-colored or tan. Annulus ventralis cream-colored to brown.</p> <p> <b>Type Locality.</b> Fall Creek, adjacent to SR 1301 (Fall Creek Road), approximately 1.5 km N of the confluence with the South Prong Lewis Fork (N 36.2086, W 81.4288), Wilkes County, North Carolina. This section of Fall Creek is approximately 495 m elevation above sea level, buffered by a secondary forest of intact hardwoods and high canopy cover, approximately 5 m width, 0.25 m in depth, with a clean heterogenous stream bottom composed primarily of boulder, cobble, and gravel; secondarily composed of bedrock, sand, and woody debris/organic material. The holotype was collected 19 August 2019; the allotype and morphotype were collected 17 April 2019.</p> <p> <b>Disposition of types.</b> The holotype (NCSM 90219), allotype (NCSM 90220), morphotype (NCSM 90221), and three paratypes (NCSM 90225, 91098) are deposited in the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Non-molluscan Invertebrates Collection. Two additional paratypes, 1 MI and 1 F, are deposited in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Invertebrate Zoology Collection, USNM XXXXXXX and XXXXXXX, respectively.</p> <p> <b>Range and specimens examined.</b> NORTH CAROLINA, <i>Wilkes County:</i> <b>1</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90220 Allotype</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 F, 2 April 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>2</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90221 Morphotype</b> —Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 MII, 2 April 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>3</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90240</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 MI, 2 April 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>4</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90228</b> — North Prong Lewis Fork at Parsonville Rd. bridge immediately upstream of confluence with Little Fork Creek, N 36.2092 W 81.3453, 1 MI, 2 April 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>5</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90225 Paratypes</b> — Pumpkin Run at SR 1303 bridge Pumpkin Run Rd., N 36.2032 W 81.3836. 1 MI, 1 MII, 27 August 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>6</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90239</b> — Fletcher Creek at Shady Walk Lane bridge approximately 100 m upstream of confluence with South Prong Lewis Fork, N 36.1938 W 81.4134, 1 MI, 1 MII, 27 August 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>7</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90230</b> — South Prong Lewis Fork at SR 1389 bridge, N 36.2071 W 81.4476, 2 F, 27 August 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>8</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90226</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Fall Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 MII, 27 August 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>9</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90219 Holotype</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 MI, 27 August 2019, W. T. Russ, M.A. Perkins, M.A. Burchfiel; <b>10</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90227</b> — Purlear Creek at SR 1317 bridge New Hope Rd., N 36.1927 W 81.2937, 1 F, 14 November 2019, M.A. Perkins & M.A. Burchfiel; <b>11)</b> <b>USNM XXXXXXX</b> — North Prong Lewis Fork at SR 1363 bridge Big Ivy Rd., N 36.2613 W 81.3952, 1 M1, 1 F, 14 November 2019, M.A. Perkins & M.A. Burchfiel; <b>12)</b> <b>NCSM 91096</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 F, 15 December 2020, W. T. Russ & M.A. Perkins; <b>13</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 91097</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 F, 15 December 2020, W. T. Russ & M.A. Perkins; <b>14</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 91098 Paratype</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 F, 15 December 2020, W. T. Russ & M.A. Perkins; <b>15</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 91095</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 MI, 15 December 2020, W. T. Russ & M.A. Perkins; <b>16</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 91099</b> — Fall Creek along SR 1301 Falls Creek Rd., N 36.2096 W 81.4288, 1 MII, 15 December 2020, W. T. Russ & M.A. Perkins; <b>17</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 90245</b> — North Prong Lewis Fork at SR 1300 bridge Parsonville Rd., N 36.2131 W 81.3580, 1 MI, 1 F, 15 December 2020, W. T. Russ & M.A. Perkins; <b>18</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 91101 —</b> North Prong Lewis Fork at SR 1363 bridge Big Ivy Rd., N 36.2613 W 81.3952, 1 M1, 1 MII, 22 December 2020, W. T. Russ & M.A. Perkins; <b>19</b> <b>)</b> <b>NCSM 91102 —</b> North Prong Lewis Fork at SR 1363 bridge Big Ivy Rd., N 36.2613 W 81.3952, 1 MII, 1 F, 22 December 2020, W. T. Russ & M.A. Perkins</p> <p> <b>Conservation status.</b> <i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> is locally common but narrowly distributed in the headwaters of two watersheds in western North Carolina with an estimated current extent of approximately 145 km 2. Populations are distributed in the mainstem and tributaries of both the South and North Prong Lewis Fork watersheds, but while migration between populations is theoretically unobstructed by instream barriers, the prevalence of a congener, <i>C.</i> species C, around the confluence may preclude <i>C. burchfielae</i> from moving freely between the watersheds. The estimated population size for <i>C. burchfielae</i> is currently unknown. Threats to the species have not been fully assessed but include habitat degradation and diminished water quality from agriculture and silviculture in some areas of the watershed; much of the watershed is currently forested. Based primarily on the species’ currently known 2 disjunct populations with a narrow distribution, we suggest that the species be assigned the status of G2/S2 (Imperiled) based on NatureServe criteria (NatureServe 2020) and Vulnerable (VU) based on International Union for the Conservation of Nature criteria (IUCN 2001; B2 a,b <i>i–iv</i>).</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> A small number of specimens examined possess a few (1–3) weakly-pronounced tubercles on the dorsal surface of the dactyl, a character superficially similar to <i>C. lapidosus, C.</i> species C and <i>Cambarus</i> aff. <i>robustus</i> <i>.</i> Juveniles and sub-adults lack well-developed meristic characters therefore identification of young individuals of this species can be difficult. Members of this species exhibit sexual dimorphism in reproductive structures. We have not observed any obvious geographic variation in this species.</p> <p> <b>Life history.</b> Collections of <i>C. burchfielae</i> have been limited to the months of April, August, November, and December. First and second form males have been observed in April, August, November, and December. Females in glare have been collected in April and December. Young-of-year have not been observed. The species appears to prefer cool, clean 2 nd to 3 rd order streams and has been collected almost exclusively from under large cobbles (approx. 25 cm in length) to small boulders (approx. 100 cm in length) in moderately deep riffles or runs (0.1 m to 0.5 m) with moderate to high flow and high canopy cover.</p> <p> <b>Crayfish associates.</b> Several native stream-dwelling associate crayfish species occur with <i>C. burchfielae</i> including <i>C. johni</i>, <i>C.</i> aff. <i>longulus</i> <i>,</i> and <i>C.</i> species C. <i>Cambarus</i> aff. <i>dubius</i>, a primary burrower, was observed in burrows along stream banks.</p> <p> <b>Relationships and comparisons.</b> <i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> is morphologically similar to several described species and yet-undiagnosed members of the genus <i>Cambarus</i> in Atlantic Slope and interior basin streams. <i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> was previously subsumed within <i>C.</i> species C complex, which occurs throughout Atlantic Slope drainages in the Mountain and Piedmont ecoregions of NC. <i>Cambarus</i> species C from the upper Yadkin and adjacent Catawba basins in NC can be differentiated from <i>C. burchfielae</i> by the presence of conspicuous cervical spines, two rows of well-pronounced cristiform tubercles on the mesial margin of the palm of the chelae, a longer and more acuminate rostrum, and a wider areola (6–8 punctations across). The lower reaches and small tributaries of the South and North Prong Lewis Fork watersheds are dominated by <i>C.</i> species C from the proximity of their confluence and upstream approximately 15 km and 10 km, respectively; it is important to note the taxa co-occur in some reaches.</p> <p> Despite its historic affiliation with <i>C.</i> species C, <i>C. burchfielae</i> is more morphologically and genetically similar to undiagnosed forms within the <i>C. robustus</i> species complex, which occur in the New and Watauga River basins. Specimens of <i>C.</i> aff. <i>robustus</i> from the New and Watauga basins examined during this study possess two rows of well-pronounced cristiform tubercles on the mesial margin of the palm of the chelae and a wider areola (8–10 punctations across); <i>C. burchfielae</i> typically has one row of weakly-developed tubercles on the mesial margin of the palm and a more narrow areola (4–5 punctations). <i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> is not known to occur in any interior basin streams, and is therefore geographically isolated from other putative taxa currently subsumed within the <i>C. robustus</i> species complex.</p> <p> <i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> is genetically and morphologically most similar to <i>C. lapidosus,</i> described above. These species are easily morphologically distinguished from each other despite their genetic and geographic affinities. <i>Cambarus lapidosus</i> possesses a double row of well-developed cristiform tubercles on the mesial margin of the chelae, conspicuous tubercles on the dorsal surface of the dactyl, a wider and typically more-punctate areola (5–7 punctations), and a rusty pigment patch on the dorsal surface of the carapace immediately anterior of the abdomen also common to the congeners <i>C.</i> species C and <i>C. johni.</i> These species can also be differentiated by subtle differences in gonopod morphology (see Figs. 3 & 7); the central projection of the form I gonopod of <i>C. lapidosus</i> is longer and more strongly-curved than <i>C. burchfielae</i>. Conversely, the central projection of the form II gonopod of <i>C. burchfielae</i> extends beyond the margin of the mesial process whereas the processes are approximately equal in length in <i>C. lapidosus.</i></p> <p> <i>Cambarus burchfielae</i> is easily distinguished from other co-occurring species in the
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