3,956 research outputs found
Migration and Development. Reflections on an Ambivalent Relationship
No full textNowadays the Migration and Development relation is becoming a kind of “mantra” (Faist 2008) a real “discourse of development” (Grillo, Stirrat 1997) connected, as it is, with other discourses stressing community, civil society, self reliance, and, sometimes problematically, profitable investment. However, from the perspective of African hometown associations, especially those developed in France, such a connection displays a longer story. Already at the beginning of the 80’s Malian and Senegalese organisations embarked on micro-development projects aimed at their country of origin in sub-Saharan Africa (Daum 1998). Codevelopment projects, it was argued, should be ‘decentralised’, their primary movers, and the locus of their activities, are not states, but localities: local states and places, the people who inhabit them, and the institutions of civil society (NGOs, associations etc) they have created. Codevelopment circles also stress the importance of dialogue with migrants and their organisations. Their legitimate interests in the development process, it is argued, should be recognised and they should be encouraged to become ‘development actors’, dissolving the developer/developed distinction (Lavigne-Delville, 1991: 196; Quiminal 1991). What distinguishes codeveloppement from the transnational activities of migrant hometown associations is the involvement of a variety of local institutions and actors ‘here’ (regional and municipal authorities, NGOs, and associations, based locally in Europe but representing particular villages or clusters of villages where migrants originate, with funding from the state, or the EU), and counterparts (local authorities, NGOs, village associations etc) ‘there’, in the South. These activities may represent an original strategy signalling a refusal to break with countries of origin while seeking integration. However, Do these reflect the real demands of migrants or the logic of European planners, politicians, and social practitioners involved in the implementation of migration policies? This is an aspect that applied as much as academic research should always explore, moved from a healthy skepticism (Grillo, Riccio 2004). However, although one should be cautious towards a celebratory as much as pessimistic views towards co-development, a methodological opportunity needs to be recognized: by involving so many social actors, this field of research represents a laboratory for the study of such a complex and ambivalent social process, as is transnational migration. Ideally the student of migration should be working simultaneously on three fronts: with the institutions of the receiving society, among migrants themselves, and in the sending society (Grillo 1985). Therefore, it is important to combine a transnational approach with the need to bridge a divide in the studies of migration, which have tended to consider either the characteristics of an immigrant community or the characteristics of the society incorporating it. With this aim, the study of migrants’ translocal codevelopment projects represents a methodological solution to study social change (De Sardan 1995) by focussing on the interaction between the institutions of the receiving contexts, migrants’ transnational practices and the economic and socio-cultural transformations of the sending context (Riccio 2007)
Migration and Development. Reflections on an Ambivalent Relationship
No full textNowadays the Migration and Development relation is becoming a kind of “mantra” (Faist 2008) a real “discourse of development” (Grillo, Stirrat 1997) connected, as it is, with other discourses stressing community, civil society, self reliance, and, sometimes problematically, profitable investment. However, from the perspective of African hometown associations, especially those developed in France, such a connection displays a longer story. Already at the beginning of the 80’s Malian and Senegalese organisations embarked on micro-development projects aimed at their country of origin in sub-Saharan Africa (Daum 1998). Codevelopment projects, it was argued, should be ‘decentralised’, their primary movers, and the locus of their activities, are not states, but localities: local states and places, the people who inhabit them, and the institutions of civil society (NGOs, associations etc) they have created. Codevelopment circles also stress the importance of dialogue with migrants and their organisations. Their legitimate interests in the development process, it is argued, should be recognised and they should be encouraged to become ‘development actors’, dissolving the developer/developed distinction (Lavigne-Delville, 1991: 196; Quiminal 1991). What distinguishes codeveloppement from the transnational activities of migrant hometown associations is the involvement of a variety of local institutions and actors ‘here’ (regional and municipal authorities, NGOs, and associations, based locally in Europe but representing particular villages or clusters of villages where migrants originate, with funding from the state, or the EU), and counterparts (local authorities, NGOs, village associations etc) ‘there’, in the South. These activities may represent an original strategy signalling a refusal to break with countries of origin while seeking integration. However, Do these reflect the real demands of migrants or the logic of European planners, politicians, and social practitioners involved in the implementation of migration policies? This is an aspect that applied as much as academic research should always explore, moved from a healthy skepticism (Grillo, Riccio 2004). However, although one should be cautious towards a celebratory as much as pessimistic views towards co-development, a methodological opportunity needs to be recognized: by involving so many social actors, this field of research represents a laboratory for the study of such a complex and ambivalent social process, as is transnational migration. Ideally the student of migration should be working simultaneously on three fronts: with the institutions of the receiving society, among migrants themselves, and in the sending society (Grillo 1985). Therefore, it is important to combine a transnational approach with the need to bridge a divide in the studies of migration, which have tended to consider either the characteristics of an immigrant community or the characteristics of the society incorporating it. With this aim, the study of migrants’ translocal codevelopment projects represents a methodological solution to study social change (De Sardan 1995) by focussing on the interaction between the institutions of the receiving contexts, migrants’ transnational practices and the economic and socio-cultural transformations of the sending context (Riccio 2007)
Preface
No full textBorders are often regarded as the very basis for establishing a modern and territorial logic legitimating an essentialised view of the world as a mosaic of Nation-States. Transnationalism seems to challenge this long-standing logic by introducing a new inclination to think in terms of flows, mobility, and networks. By living in-between sending and receiving societies and maintaining strong ties to both, Migrants are shaping transnational spaces encompassing several countries in a process that challenges territorial separations and national borders. However, migration challenges borders, but is still regulated by borders. It may overcome some borders, but it does not in itself prevent the creation of other borders that recreate divisions along other lines. Accordingly, borders have not been disappearing but they are moving themselves everywhere. This dis-placement of borders can be conceived as a paradoxical movement from the ‘edge’ to the ‘centre’ of public space. Following this, what is worth exploring is how such b-ordering processes are in the very heart of European identity and citizenship that are defined in the complex interplay between moving, dis-located external borders and the multiplication of internal ones. Both external and internal borders point to a set of relevant issues: the former are related to (im)migration policies, diasporas as well as transnationalism; the latter focus instead on different forms of ethnicisation, old and new racisms, citizenship, as well as the idea of nation and the processes of social differentiation it implies. The attention to the complex relationship between internal and external borders, still largely ignored by social studies, is a relevant starting point for reconceptualising borders and their connections with transnational migration. Indeed, it has empirical reasons, due to the involvement of the same actors and of the same forms of power that are implied in both cases, and theoretical reasons, because the changes affecting both these kinds of borders reveal deep changes in the national space borders, in the forms of social identification, in the politics and in the practices concerning migrants
Transnational perspectives, methodological nationalism and cosmopolitanism
No full textIn this introduction to the first section of the volume, I mention to the various definitions of transnationalism and to the diverse transnational perspectives on migration. Furthermore, I discuss the economic and political dimension of transnationalism by focusing respectively on socio-economic remittances, co-development on the one hand, and, on the other hand, on long distance nationalism. In the second part I take into account some of the analytical characteristics of methodological nationalism and the cosmopolitan ambition of the anthropology of migration. In the field of anthropology and the social sciences, Wimmer and Glick Schiller (2002) define methodological nationalism” as “the assumption that the nation/state/society is the natural social and political form of the modern world” (Wimmer, Schiller, 2002: 302). And it is this process of naturalisation in the empirical studies of migration that have been particularly challenged by the transnational perspective on migration. Yet, some authors have expressed some perplexity about the novelty both of transnationalism and of a transnational approach to migration. Indeed, the premise that multiple networks connect several contexts in a continuous manner has been previously illustrated in some work of British anthropology of the colonial and post-colonial era (Werbner, 2008). These studies were already dealing with the circularity, which binds together the rural and the urban contexts through social networks. Furthermore, Werbner argues that in anthropology, which she defines as “the study of part-societies and social fields”, one cannot find the sin of methodological nationalism. Instead, she believes that anthropology has always been characterised by a cosmopolitan take towards the people and the subject under study. Yet, this reminder of a hidden continuity may run the risk of underestimating the epistemological break provided to the evolution of anthropological thought by the processual approaches of Marxist political economy and Manchester school. Moreover, despite disagreements over methodological nationalism, one aspect in common between the two articles introduced here is an historical sensitivity that one finds in Werbner theoretical reflections as much as in the historical discussion of Nation-building provided by Glick Schiller. Somehow both anthropologists urge us to avoid the mistake of considering recent migration trends as the mechanical rise of novel forms of social relations and of neglecting, from a phenomenological and epistemological viewpoint, the central role played by long lasting historical processes surviving technological change
Introduction
No full textThe chapter introduces the volume and its rationale, namely the attempt to overcome the customary “division of labour” separating development-related issues from those concerning emergency. Despite different purposes and temporalities of action, emergency and development have in a certain sense become hybridized and juxtaposed, if not at a programmatic level, then often in the contexts where the intervention takes place. The volume is intended to accompany, from an anthropological perspective hinging on the experience of fieldwork, the process of translating into practice styles of intervention and action strategies that are rapidly making headway in the field of international aid. The discussion approaches several issues: the dynamics underlying the “regime of exception” that characterizes current humanitarian emergencies; the political, cultural, and emotional processes that trigger disastrous circumstances when human communities are caught in vulnerable positions; the evolution of cooperation policies as an attempt to respond to criticism of Development advanced by both academics and practitioners ‒ such as South-South cooperation, decentralized cooperation, or the use of home town associations, migrant remittances and microcredit programmes as engines of local development.
In the light of these considerations, the volume wishes to highlight the opportunity to move from what has been labelled “anthropology of development and humanitarian aid” to what can be named “anthropology on public services”. Today, anthropological approaches and ethnographical methods are increasingly important in the public sector and in organizations as diverse as they can be
Leonardo Sciascia (1921-1989). Letteratura, critica, militanza civile
No full textIl presente volume raccoglie i contributi offerti dagli studiosi a Palermo nel corso del Convegno "Leonardo Sciascia (1921-1989). Letteratura, critica, militanza civile", tenutosi il 18 e 19 novembre 2019 presso l’Università degli Studi e realizzato dal Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche in collaborazione con il Centro di Studi filologici e linguistici siciliani. L’analisi che emerge nella raccolta di saggi che qui si introducono non si attesta come nostalgica celebrazione di un capitolo chiuso, bensì come stimolo all’inaugurazione di una fase di definitiva messa a fuoco dell’opera e del pensiero di un autore la cui dimensione sconfina dall’ambito prettamente scientifico. i contributi sono stati collocati all’interno di cinque macro aree tematiche: Pensiero e metodo, Opere, Confronti, Lingua, Tradizione. La voluta partizione transdisciplinare, che è pure struttura metodologica della proposta di analisi offerta con questo volume, cerca di rispondere al tentativo delle curatrici di restituire il sentire sciasciano in tema di superamento delle soglie di conoscenza del reale: l’opera dello scrittore è incontestata testimonianza di un desiderio di rendere comunicabili dimensioni spazio-temporali distanti eppure accomunate sempre da uno stesso soggetto, cioè l’uomo, che delle storture del reale e dei giochi del potere, ai danni di se stesso, si fa protagonista.This volume collects the contributions offered in Palermo during the conference "Leonardo Sciascia (1921-1989). Literature, criticism, civil militancy", held on 18 and 19 November 2019 at the University of Studies and carried out by the Department of Humanities in collaboration with the Sicilian Center for Philological and Linguistic Studies. The analysis that emerges in the collection of essays introduced here is not attested as a nostalgic celebration of a closed chapter, but as a stimulus to the inauguration of a phase of definitive focus on the work and thought of an author whose dimension it goes beyond the purely scientific sphere. the contributions were placed within five macro thematic areas: Thought and method, Works, Comparisons, Language, Tradition. The desired transdisciplinary partition, which is also the methodological structure of the proposed analysis offered with this volume, tries to respond to the attempt of the curators to return the Sciascian feeling in terms of overcoming the thresholds of knowledge of reality: the writer's work is undisputed evidence of a desire to make distant space-time dimensions communicable yet always united by the same subject, that is man, who becomes the protagonist of the distortions of reality and the games of power, against himself
The influence of the Court of Justice of the European Union on national courts in copyright cases
No full textThe paper speculates on the influence of the case law of the Court of Justice on Member States’ authorities in the interpretation of copyright law. Looking at the recent stances concerning the role of digital platforms hosting copyrighted content, the author observes that in spite of the important set of judgments handed down by the Court, its case law still seems to suffer from some vagueness in a variety of respects. The lack of crystal-clear guidelines would prevent national courts from taking advantage of a certain degree of harmonisation and uniformity, a gap that the Digital Single Market Directive seems to be equally unable to fill
Bibliografia storica degli Abruzzi. Terzo supplemento alla Biblioteca storico-topografica degli Abruzzi di Camillo Minieri-Riccio, composta sulla propria collezione da Giovanni Pansa. Con appendice.
No full textNumbered "terzo supplemento" with reference to Parascandolo's Supplimento alla Biblioteca ... di C. Minieri-Riccio, 1876, and Bindi's Fonti della storia abruzzese, 1884.Mode of access: Internet
Effect of cooking on the concentration of Vitamins B in fortified meat products
No full textB vitamins fortification of meat products is useful to compensate the loss of these compounds occurring during the heat treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of heat treatments on the B vitamins concentration in fortified meat products. A rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of Vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in homogenized boiled ham and in various fortified burgers was set up. Extraction procedure and HPLC method ensure low detection limits, good sensitivity and resolution. Results showed that cooking processes caused a decrease in the B vitamins content both in mild (70-90 °C) and severe (120 °C) conditions. Performing a fortification of 25 μg g-1 the residual concentration of B vitamins after cooking allow to reach the recommended daily allowance, thus suggesting that B vitamins fortification of meat product is an useful practice
Dallo "Islam nascosto" dei senegalesi muridi ai "Giovani Musulmani Italiani"
No full textUn percorso attraverso i diversi Islam nelle migrazioni in Italia dal muridismo all'impegno civico dei figli dei migranti organizzati in associazioni come GM
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