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    The Knoevenagel Condensation in Water

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    The Knoevenagel condensation is an important C-C bond forming reaction which has been extensively studied and also applied in industrial processes. Although it involves a dehydration step, the reaction can be successfully carried out in water to produce electron deficient alkenes and heterocyclic compounds such as coumarins. Here we review our works and recent articles concerning the Knoevengel condensation in water. The review is split up in two sections: the first dealing with Knoevenagel condensations in water under heterogeneous catalysis, and the second showing examples of uncatalysed Knoevenagel condensations in wate

    Silica-bound decatungstates as heterogeneous catalysts for H2O2 activation in selective sulfide oxidation

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    Alkylammonium decatungstates were covalently anchored to silica gel, furnishing efficient and robust heterogeneous catalysts able to activate H2O2 in the selective oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide. The organic– inorganic hybrid materials were fully characterized, particularly by spectroscopic experiments. Primary propylammonium decatungstate was the most active catalyst. The use of low amounts of the heterogeneous catalyst (0.1 mol%) with a slight excess of 30% H2O2 (1.15 equiv.) in a nonchlorinated solvent (methanol) makes this oxidation reaction an environmentally benign chemical process. Leaching and recycling experiments revealed that the supported catalyst is not only highly efficient but also robust, because it can be used six times without loss of activity. Furthermore, the immobilized catalyst can tolerate different types of reaction solvents. Finally, this procedure was successfully applied to various sulfides, including allyl phenyl sulfide and dibenzyl sulfide
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