186 research outputs found
We are diverse but belonging to the same team: an empirical study on the relationship between diversity and identification.
No full textThe present study aims to highlights the role of work group culture and gender diversity on work group functioning. Gender diversity is an aspect of organizational life and research on the effect of workgroup composition has yielded ambiguous results. The categorization elaboration model (van Knippenberg, De Dreu & Homan, 2004) addresses this model and suggests ezamining factors influencing the relationship between work group diversity and work group functioning. The present study proposes that the group gender diversity affects group identification and that this effect is contingent on group norms. 18 work groups in an information technology enetrprise were involved. Results confirmed the hypothesis. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed
‘Strangers in Their Own Land’: Development and Validation of a Balanced, Unidimensional Scale to Measure the Sense of Threat to Local Traditions
No full textIndividuals and communities all over the world are experiencing rapid societal changes
due to economic, social, cultural, and political cross-national interconnections. Social
scientists agree on the importance of understanding the psychological, social, and cultural
implications of this globalization process (Diaz & Zirkel, 2012; Scholte, 2005). These
analyses cannot ignore the reaction of people who feel threatened in their consolidated
social practices by the growing exposure to the symbolic cues of social changes, leading
them to feel like ‘strangers in their own land’ (Hochschild, 2016). However, a solid and
convincing scale measuring people’s perception of threat to local traditions does not exist.
This hinders a solid testing of this psychological consequence of globalization. To fill this
gap, we developed and validated the Sense of Threat to Local Traditions (SETLOT)
Scale with a wide quota sample of the Italian adult population
Optical fibres: Atomic spectroscopic methods for the determination of fluoride glasses composition
No full textNegative media portrayals of immigrants increase ingroup favoritism and hostile physiological and emotional reactions
No full textAnti-immigration rhetoric in the mass media has intensified over the last two decades, potentially decreasing prosocial behavior and increasing outgroup hostility toward immigrants, and fostering ingroup favoritism toward natives. We aim to understand the effects of negative and positive discourses about immigration on prosociality at different levels of societal ethnic diversity. In two studies (student sample, nationally representative sample), we conduct a survey and a 3X3 between-subject experiment, including money-incentivized behavioral games measuring prosociality. We manipulate media representations of immigrants and the probability of interacting with immigrants (the latter measuring diversity). Results show that negative news affects prosociality as a function of the probability of interacting with immigrants. Negative portrayals increase altruism and trustworthiness in ethnically homogenous settings relative to unknown and ethnically-mixed contexts. These results are stronger for right-wing and high-prejudice respondents. Moreover, negative media portrayals of immigrants increase the testosterone-cortisol ratio, which is a proxy for proneness to social aggression. Negative news also increases outgroup-related perceived health risk, outgroup anxiety and outgroup threat less in ethnically-homogeneous contexts. Overall, negative portrayals of immigrants generate physiological and emotional hostility toward the outgroup, and ingroup favoritism in economic transactions, possibly determining efficiency losses in ethnically-diverse markets, relative to ethnically-homogeneous markets
Trattamento ibrido di aneurisma dell’arco aortico con coinvolgimento della zona 0: caso clinico e revisione della letteratura
No full textOBBIETTIVO
La tecnica ibrida ( rivascolarizzazione dei vasi epiaortici e successivo trattamento endovascolare) per la correzione degli aneurismi dell’arco aortico con coinvolgimento della zona 0 può essere considerata una metodica efficace (mortalità e morbilità operatoria accettabili ), in pazienti ad alto rischio chirurgico e anestesiologico.
MATERIALI E METODI
Descriviamo il caso di un paziente maschio di 56 anni , fumatore e con grave broncopatia cronica ostruttiva, che è giunto alla nostra osservazione per una dilatazione aneurismatica dell’arco aortico ,con estensione assiale massima di 6,5 cm. In sede sottorenale presentava inoltre un secondo aneurisma con diametro massimo di 10,3 cm,. In un primo tempo il paziente è stato sottoposto a trattamento “open” ,con accesso minilaparotomico, dell’aneurisma dell’aorta addominale sottorenale . Dopo 5 mesi è stato sottoposto a trattamento ibrido dell’aneurisma dell’arco aortico con “debrancing” chirurgico dei vasi epiaortici, by pass tra l’aorta ascendente e il tronco anonimo e la carotide sinistra con protesi biforcata in dacron 14 x 7 mm e posizionamento di 2 endoprotesi toraciche (Valiant Medtronic di diametro 42-42 -40-36 mm) con copertura dell’intero arco aortico,senza rivascolarizzazione della succlavia di sinistra, con atterraggio prossimale dell’endoprotesi nella zona 0 (sec la classificazione di Ishimaru). Il paziente in quinta giornata ha presentato una deiscenza della sternotomia che ha richiesto un intervento di correzione secondo la tecnica Robicsek. In sedicesima giornata il paziente è stato dimesso. Il controllo AngioTAC a 2 mesi ha evidenziato il corretto posizionamento dell’endoprotesi con esclusione dell’aneurisma e assenza di endoleak.
Abbiamo eseguito una Revisione della letteratura su Pub Med u.s. National Library of Medicine dal 1992 al maggio 2007 , sono stati selezionati i case report e le casistiche di aneurismi dell’arco aortico con coinvolgimento della Zona 0 con rivascolarizzazione dei vasi epiaortici. Si è analizzato nei vari report:,l’eziologia, il timing (trattamento in un unico tempo o in due tempi ),il tipo di rivascolarizzazione dei vasi epiaortici, la monitorizzazione cerebrale intraoperatoria, la copertura della succlavia sinistra con o senza rivascolarizzazione, la morbilità neurologica maggiore, la mortalità operatoria, l’incidenza e il tipo di endoleak e il follow-up
RISULTATI
Nel periodo 1992 maggio 2007 in letteratura sono stati pubblicati 82 casi di aneurismi dell’arco aortico trattati con tecniche ibride e con coinvolgimento della Zona 0 per l’atterraggio dell’endoprotesi
La patologia ateroscelrotica è stata predominante rispetto alla dissecante, l’incidenza è stata rispettivamente del 88,7% contro il 11.3% .In 40 casi (48.8%) Il trattamento ibrido è stato eseguito in un unico tempo, in 42 (51.2%) invece è stata eseguita prima la rivascolarizzazione chirurgica, seguita dalla procedura endovascolare in media dopo 17,6 giorni. In 31 casi (37.8%) è stata eseguita una rivascolarizzazione della succlavia, in 51 (62.2%) è stata eseguita una copertura della succlavia senza rivascolarizzazione. Il banding dell’aorta ascendente è stato eseguito in 17 pazienti (20.7%). La monitorizzazione intraoperatoria dell’attività cerebrale è riportata in 42 pazienti (51.2%). L’accesso per il trattamento endovascolare è stato iliaco /femorale nel 84,7% e anterogrado nel 15,3% Si sono osservati 4 endoleak con una incidenza del 4.8%: 2 di I tipo e 2 di II tipo, in nessun caso è stato necessario effettuare una conversione chirurgica. La morbilità neurologica maggiore è stata del 3.6%, la mortalità operatoria stata del 7.3%. Il follow up medio è stato 10 mesi (1-65 mesi) non è stato descritto nessun caso di conversione chirurgica né di exitus correlati all’aneurisma.
CONCLUSUONI
Il trattamento ibrido degli aneurismi dell’arco aortico con coinvolgimento della zona 0 ,è una tecnica che può essere utilizzata efficacemente , in pazienti ad alto rischio chirurgico ed anestesiologic
Promesas de viviendas y tenencias: políticas urbanas integrales en Santa Fe
No full textEste plan de trabajo busca dar continuidad a la tesis doctoral “Interpelaciones ideológicas sobre la vivienda. Políticas urbanas de ordenamiento espacial de la población empobrecida en la ciudad de Santa Fe (1985- 2017)”, en donde analizamos cómo indicen las políticas y los programas urbanos integrales1 en el mejoramiento de las condiciones socio-habitacionales de las familias relocalizadas a módulos habitacionales mínimos, en los barrios Barranquitas Sur y Coronel Dorrego de la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina, en las últimas tres décadas2 . En este marco, nos preguntamos cómo repercuten dos de las interpelaciones discursivas presentes en estas políticas urbanas a la carta (Delgadillo, 2014), promulgadas por organismos internacionales de financiamiento y vehiculizadas a través de aparatos estatales e instituciones de la sociedad civil. Esto es, a partir de la argumentación ideológica de la tenencia segura que opera tras los programas urbanos integrales y de regularización dominial del suelo e incide en la localización espacial de la población. Y en consonancia, a partir de la adjudicación de viviendas dignas que, bajo los postulados de ayuda-mutua y autoconstrucción legitiman dicha operación. que se generan ciertas mejorías en estas condiciones, se reproducen o perpetúan las condiciones estructurales de empobrecimiento de la población (Mosso, 2016). A partir de indicadores socio-habitacionales anteriores y posteriores al proceso de relocalización (Mosso, 2017), puntualizamos en las siguientes cuestiones: a. Las variaciones en la composición del grupo familiar; en relación a la cantidad de integrantes que residen en la vivienda, cómo están compuestos los hogares, la incorporación o disminución de hogares, entre otros; b. las variaciones económicas del grupo familiar en torno a la trayectoria laboral de los jefes y jefas de hogar y otros integrantes activos del núcleo familiar, teniendo en cuenta el acceso a fuentes de ingresos y formalidad del trabajo; c. las variaciones en las condiciones habitacionales del grupo familiar en relación a las características de la vivienda y las condiciones de hacinamiento, habitabilidad, materialidad, y modificaciones y ampliaciones realizadas; d. la incidencia de la escritura de dominio en relación al acceso a bienes y servicios, vinculados a infraestructuras y servicios públicos, así como en la obtención de préstamos e hipotecas, y distintas modalidades de financiamiento para la ampliación, refacción de la vivienda. En este contexto, nos preguntamos, ¿Qué contradicciones se desenvuelven entre el dominio formal de la propiedad del suelo tras la desposesión socio-habitacional previa de la población empobrecida? (Mosso, 2017). Esto es, considerando a las políticas de regularización dominial del suelo como uno de los campos discursivos hegemónicos en los estudios urbanos (Mosso, 2017) desde el enfoque de la pobreza (Leguizamón, 2005). Y observando, a su vez, a este proceso desde un andamiaje teórico-epistemológico que se corresponde con diversas lógicas de arte de gobierno neoliberal (Murillo, 2015). Con el objetivo de profundizar en esta línea de investigación, en la etapa posdoctoral planteamos la necesidad de realizar una indagación más precisa en relación a la incidencia de las políticas de regularización dominial del suelo en el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de las familias relocalizadas en los barrios Barranquitas Sur y Coronel Dorrego en Santa Fe en las últimas tres décadas. En este sentido, buscamos determinar cómo repercuten las políticas de dominio del suelo en estas familias en relación a los objetivos que esta política urbana procura atender en la ciudad de Santa Fe3 . En consonancia, plantemos profundizar esta indagación a partir de los aportes críticos de Calderón Cockburn (1999, 2001, 2005, 2009) en base a lo que este autor analiza en relación al programa de Formalización de la Propiedad en Perú; buscando establecer como repercuten estás políticas en relación a las posibilidades de acceso de las familias empobrecidas a bienes y servicios4. A su vez, cómo inciden los diversos instrumentos propuestos en esta política en las distintas instancias de este proceso.Fil: Mosso, Emilia Carla. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto de Investigaciones en Desarrollo Urbano, Tecnología y Vivienda; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentin
Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study
No full textWe effortlessly sort people into different racial groups from their visual appearance and implicitly generate racial bias affecting cognition and behavior. As these mental activities provide the proximate mechanisms for social behaviours, it becomes essential to understand the neural activity underlying differences between own-race and other-race visual categorization. Yet intrinsic limitations of individual neuroimaging studies, owing to reduced sample size, inclusion of multiple races, and interactions between races in the participants and in the displayed visual stimuli, dampens generalizability of results. In the present meta-analytic study, we applied multimodal techniques to partly overcome these hurdles, and we investigated the entire functional neuroimaging literature on race categorization, therefore including more than 2000 Black, White and Asian participants. Our data-driven approach shows that own- and other-race visual categorization involves partly segregated neural networks, with distinct connectivity and functional profiles, and defined hierarchical organization. Categorization of own-race mainly engages areas related to cognitive components of empathy and mentalizing, such as the medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus. These areas are functionally co-activated with cortical structures involved in auto-biographical memories and social knowledge. Conversely, other-race categorization recruits areas implicated in, and functionally connected with, visuo-attentive processing, like the fusiform gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule, and areas engaged in affective functions, like the amygdala. These results contribute to a better definition of the neural networks involved in the visual parcelling of social categories based on race, and help to situate these processes within a common neural space
Enhancing feelings of security: How institutional trust promotes interpersonal trust
No full textInterpersonal trust is an important source of social and economic development. Over decades, researchers debated the question whether and how public institutions influence interpersonal trust, making this relationship a much-discussed issue for scientific debate. However, experimental and behavioral data and insights on this relationship and the underlying psychological processes are rare and often inconsistent. The present set of studies tests a model which proposes that institutional trust indirectly affects trust among unrelated strangers by enhancing individuals’ feelings of security. Study 1 (survey on trust in a broad spectrum of state institutions), Study 2 (nationally representative data from 16 countries), and Study 3 (experimental manipulation of institutional trust) provide convergent support for this hypothesis. Also, the results show that the effect remains consistent even after controlling for individual dispositions linked to interpersonal and institutional trust (Study 1 and 3) and country level indicators of institutional performance (Study 2). Taken together, these findings inform and contribute to the debate about the relationship between institutions and interpersonal trust by showing that when institutions are trusted, they increase feelings of security, and therefore promote interpersonal trust among strangers.</p
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 and type-1 (11beta-HSD2 and 11beta-HSD1) and 5beta-reductase activities in the pathogenia of essential hypertension
No full textCortisol availability is modulated by several enzymes: 11beta-HSD2, which transforms cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) and 11beta-HSD1 which predominantly converts inactive E to active F. Additionally, the A-ring reductases (5alpha- and 5beta-reductase) inactivate cortisol (together with 3alpha-HSD) to tetrahydrometabolites: 5alphaTHF, 5betaTHF, and THE. The aim was to assess 11beta-HSD2, 11beta-HSD1, and 5beta-reductase activity in hypertensive patients. Free urinary F, E, THF, and THE were measured by HPLC-MS/MS in 102 essential hypertensive patients and 18 normotensive controls. 11beta-HSD2 enzyme activity was estimated by the F/E ratio, the activity of 11beta-HSD1 in compare to 11beta-HSD2 was inferred by the (5alphaTHF + 5betaTHF)/THE ratio and 5beta-reductase activity assessed using the E/THE ratio. Activity was considered altered when respective ratios exceeded the maximum value observed in the normotensive controls. A 15.7% of patients presented high F/E ratio suggesting a deficit of 11beta-HSD2 activity. Of the remaining 86 hypertensive patients, two possessed high (5alphaTHF + 5betaTHF)/THE ratios and 12.8% had high E/THE ratios. We observed a high percentage of alterations in cortisol metabolism at pre-receptor level in hypertensive patients, previously misclassified as essential. 11beta-HSD2 and 5beta-reductase decreased activity and imbalance of 11beta-HSDs should be considered in the future management of hypertensive patients
Looking at the transformation of professional skills in relation to the technological development [Uno sguardo alla trasformazione delle competenze professionali in relazione allo sviluppo tecnologico]
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