151 research outputs found
Reconstruction of the 1918 Influenza Virus: Unexpected Rewards from the Past
No full textThe influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 killed approximately 50 million people. The unusually severe morbidity and mortality associated with the pandemic spurred physicians and scientists to isolate the etiologic agent, but the virus was not isolated
in 1918. In 1996, it became possible to recover and sequence highly degraded fragments of influenza viral RNA retained in preserved tissues from several 1918 victims. These viral RNA sequences eventually permitted reconstruction of the complete
1918 virus, which has yielded, almost a century after the deaths of its victims, novel insights into influenza virus biology and
pathogenesis and has provided important information about how to prevent and control future pandemics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99107/1/Reconstruction of the 1918 Influenza Virus.pd
Petrus Morem (Notar) an Bistum Sitten (?) - um 1300
No full textzu 03:o.D.; zu 13: od. Morens; auszugsweise abgeschrieben ist eine Urkunde Friedrichs II. v. 1210 VIII 12 (wohl an Bistum Sitten) (s. LBA Nr.80074@80074|); Archivsignatur: C I b 18{'name': 'DFG', 'uri': 'dfg.png'
Low-carbohydrate diets affect energy balance and fuel homeostasis differentially in lean and obese rats
No full textIn parallel with increased prevalence of overweight people in affluent societies are individuals trying to lose weight, often using low-carbohydrate diets. Nevertheless, long-term metabolic consequences of those diets, usually high in (saturated) fat, remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated long-term effects of high-fat diets with different carbohydrate/protein ratios on energy balance and fuel homeostasis in obese (fa/fa) Zucker and lean Wistar rats. Animals were fed high-carbohydrate (HC), high-fat (HsF), or low-carbohydrate, high-fat, high-protein (LC-HsF-HP) diets for 60 days. Both lines fed the LC-HsF-HP diet displayed reduced energy intake compared with those fed the HsF diet (Zucker, -3.7%) or the HC diet (Wistar rats, -12.4%). This was not associated with lower weight gain relative to HC fed rats, because of increased food efficiencies in each line fed HsF and particularly LC-HsF-HP food. Zucker rats were less glucose tolerant than Wistar rats. Lowest glucose tolerances were found in HsF and particularly in LC-HsF-HP-fed animals irrespective of line, but this paralleled reduced plasma adiponectin levels, elevated plasma resistin levels, higher retroperitoneal fat masses, and reduced insulin sensitivity (indexed by insulin-induced hypoglycemia) only in Wistar rats. In Zucker rats, however, improved insulin responses during glucose tolerance testing and tendency toward increased insulin sensitivities were observed with HsF or LC-HsF-HP feeding relative to HC feeding. Thus, despite adverse consequences of LC-HsF diets on blood glucose homeostasis, principal differences exist in the underlying hormonal regulatory mechanisms, which could have benefits for B-cell functioning and insulin action in the obese state but not in the lean state.
Assessing the Impact of the Kapahulu Storm Drain System on the Quality of Water at Kuhio Beach and the Health of the Swimmers Using the Beach
No full textProject Period: 1 April 1992-31 December 1993The primary goal of this study was to determine the concentrations of several types of
fecal bacteria (fecal coliform, E. coli, enterococci, C. perfringens) in the Kapahulu storm drain system and its impact on the quality of water in Kuhio Beach. Another major goal of this study was to simultaneously conduct a pilot epidemiological study to determine whether there was a measurable increase in the illness rate of swimmers at the beach as the concentrations of indicator bacteria in the water increased. Additional goals to this study included the determination of the sources of indicator bacteria in the storm drain and to analyze the sediment and water samples from the storm drain for toxicity as well as for the presence of specific toxic chemicals using a new enzyme-immunoassay test.State of Hawaii Department of Health; contract number: ASO Log no. 92-61
Occur of death in Edgar Moren's work
No full textIn this work author presented Edgar Moren's antrolology of death. This thinker understands and explains event of the universe, humans and the end of the life. Myth is one of the ways for human to become the master of the death, but science becomes new weapon in mans war against it. Morens worns us that death and life can not be separated, and every human desire for physical immortality is absolutely absurd
Effects of high-fat diets with different carbohydrate-to-protein ratios on energy homeostasis in rats with impaired brain melanocortin receptor activity
No full textChanges in dietary macronutrient composition and/or central nervous system neuronal activity can underlie obesity and disturbed fuel homeostasis. We examined whether switching rats from a diet with high carbohydrate content (HC; i.e., regular chow) to diets with either high fat (HF) or high fat/high protein content at the expense of carbohydrates (LC-HF-HP) causes differential effects on body weight and glucose homeostasis that depend on the integrity of brain melanocortin (MC) signaling. In vehicle-treated rats, switching from HC to either HF or LC-HF-HP feeding caused similar reductions in food intake without alterations in body weight. A reduced caloric intake (-16% in HF and LC-HF-HP groups) required to maintain or increase body weight underlay these effects. Chronic third cerebroventricular infusion of the MC receptor antagonist SHU9119 (0.5 nmol/day) produced obesity and hyperphagia with an increased food efficiency again observed during HF (+19%) and LC-HF-HP (+33%) feeding. In this case, however, HF feeding exaggerated SHU9119-induced hyperphagia and weight gain relative to HC and LC-HF-HP feeding. Relative to vehicle-treated controls, SHU9119 treatment increased plasma insulin (2.8–4 fold), leptin (7.7–15 fold), and adiponectin levels (2.4–3.7 fold), but diet effects were only observed on plasma adiponectin (HC and LC-HF-HP<HF). Finally, SHU9119-treated LC-HF-HP-fed rats were less glucose tolerant than others. Relatively low plasma adiponectin levels likely contributed to this effect. Thus HF feeding amplifies obesity induced by impaired MC signaling, provided that the carbohydrate-to-protein (C/P) ratio is high enough. Reduction of the C/P ratio within a HF diet ameliorates hyperphagia and obesity in rats with impaired MC signaling but aggravates associated disturbances in fuel homeostasis.
Casuística de diagnóstico de influenza em suínos e humanos nos Estados Unidos (1997–2024): uma análise comparativa entre dados veterinários e humanos.
No full textA influenza é uma doença viral de grande impacto na saúde pública e na produção animal. Em suínos, a infecção pelo vírus influenza A é endêmica e frequentemente monitorada devido ao seu potencial zoonótico e risco de pandemias (Vincent et al., 2008). Em humanos, os vírus influenza A e B são responsáveis por epidemias sazonais e, ocasionalmente, pandemias (Taubenberger e Morens, 2008). A pandemia de H1N1 em 2009, de origem suína, e a pandemia do coronavírus COVID-19 em 2020, tiveram implicações diretas na vigilância e diagnóstico diferencial de doenças respiratórias tanto em humanos quanto em animais (Dawood et al., 2009; Olsen et al., 2020). Este estudo apresenta uma análise longitudinal da casuística de diagnóstico da influenza em suínos e humanos nos Estados Unidos entre 1997 e 2024. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de submissões diagnósticas de influenza suína no Swine Disease Reporting System (SDRS) ou Sistema de Monitoramento de Doenças Suínas, bem como registros públicos do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ou Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças referentes à influenza humana. A análise buscou compreender os padrões temporais de envio e detecção de casos positivos de influenza A em suínos e de influenza A e B em humanos com atenção especial aos períodos pandêmicos recentes (CDC, 2024; SDRS, 2024; Zhou et al., 2012). Este trabalho objetiva também traçar uma perspectiva que poderá servir de modelo para análises em plataformas brasileiras como a recém-criada CISS – Central de Inteligência de Saúde de Suínos (Zanella et.al. 2025)
Dengue 4 Virus Monoclonal Antibodies Identify Epitopes that Mediate Immune Infection Enhancement of Dengue 2 Viruses
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