126 research outputs found
Automated knowledge-based cybersecurity risk assessment of cyber-physical systems
No full textThis paper describes a simulation-based approach for automated risk assessment of complex cyber-physical systems to support implementers of ISO 27005. The approach is based on systematic causeand-effect modelling of threats, their causes and effects, and the ways in which the effects of one threat can lead to other threats. In this way, the approach deals with inter-dependencies within the target system, automatically finding attack paths and secondary effect cascades, which generally are very complex and thesource of many challenges when implementing ISO 27005. The approach uses a knowledgebase describing classes of system assets and their possible relationships, along with the associated threats, causes and effects in a generic context. A target system can then be modelled in terms of related assets, describing the intended system structure and purpose (in the absence of any deviations). The knowledgebase is then used to identify which threats are relevant and create a cause-and-effect simulation of those threats. This allowsthreat likelihoods and risk levels to be found based on input concerning trust assumptions and the presence of controls in the system. The approach has been implemented by the open source Spyderisk project and validated by modelling a published case study of an attack on a steel mill. Given reasonable assumptionsabout security controls in place, the shortest, highest likelihood attack path found coincides with the published analysis. The case study demonstrates the strengths of the approach: transparency, reproducibility, and performance
Il Reattivo di Wartegg nella valutazione della regolazione emotiva e dell'alessitimia: uno studio preliminare
No full textPartial Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy versus Conventional Techniques for Significant Carotid Stenosis
No full textBackground: To compare the outcomes of patients who were submitted to partial carotid endarterectomy (P-CEA) to those of patients who underwent standard conventional CEA with patch closure (C-CEA) and eversion CEA (E-CEA) for a significant carotid stenosis. Methods: Data of patients who consecutively underwent CEA from January 2014 to December 2018 for a significant carotid stenosis were retrospectively collected. Primary outcomes included mortality and the occurrence of neurologic and cardiologic complications, both at 30 days and during follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the occurrence of perioperative local complications (i.e. cranial nerve injuries, hematomas) and restenosis during follow-up. P values < 0.5 were considered statistically significant. Results: Three-hundred twenty-seven patients (241 males, 74%) underwent CEA for carotid stenosis (28.6% symptomatic). P-CEA was performed in 202 patients (61.8%), while C-CEA and E-CEA were performed in 103 and 22 cases respectively. At 30 days, neurologic complications were not significantly different among the 3 groups (2.8% in the group of C-CEA, 2.4% after P-CEA and 0% in E-CEA patients, P = 0.81), neither during follow-up. Perioperative local complications also were not significantly different among the 3 groups (P = 0.16). Conclusions: P-CEA had similar outcomes if compared to C-CEA and to E-CEA in terms of perioperative mortality, occurrence of neurologic and cardiologic complications, and occurrence of local complications. Also, in the long-term, P-CEA, C-CEA, and E-CEA were burdened by similar rates of mortality, neurologic, and cardiologic complications and restenosis
Anders, G., Acerca de la libertad. “Una interpretación del a posteriori” seguido de “Patología de la Libertad. Ensayo sobre la no-identificación” [Reseña]
No full textReseña de la obra de Anders, Günther, Acerca de la libertad. “Una interpretación del a posteriori” seguido de “Patología de la Libertad. Ensayo sobre la no-identificación”, Traducción de V. Modafferi y M. C. Maomed Parraguez, Pre-textos, Valencia, 2014, 121 pp
Anatomic patterns of the supra-aortic vessels from the aortic arch in the era of total endovascular arch repair
No full textAIM To characterize the anatomic pattern of the aortic arch and the supra-aortic trunks (SAT: brachio-cephalic trunk, BCT; left common carotid artery, LCCA; left subclavian artery, LSA) in terms of mutual distances starting from the aortic valve (AV), clockface orientation from the sagittal aortic axis and aortic diameters.
METHODS Measurements of Computed Tomography Angiograms (CTAs) in three groups of patients (without any pathology of the aortic arch, group A; with dilatation of the aortic arch, B; with dilatation of the descending thoracic aorta below the LSA, C) were retrospectively collected and analyzed.
RESULTS A total of 230 CTAs were analyzed (80 in group A, 71 in B, 79 in C). Significant differences were recorded among the three groups in terms of mutual distances (being AV-BCT and BCT-LCCA significantly lower in patients of group A if compared to both group B and C, both P<.0001) and take-off angles (being BCT the lowest in group A and LCCA the lowest in group C). In group A, all SAT mutual distances showed a positive correlation with increasing aortic diameters. In group B and C, both the distances VAP-BCT and BCT-LCCA showed a positive correlation with increasing aortic diameters (R=0.22 and 0.24 respectively for group B; R=0.46 and 0.38 respectively for group C). In group B, the take-off angles of both LCCA and LSA showed a negative correlation with increasing aortic diameters (R= -0.26 and -0.23 respectively).
CONCLUSION The anatomic pattern of the aortic arch and the SAT varied significantly among the three groups
Single intense prenatal stress reduce behavioural suppression in an operant conflict paradigm in the adult progeny. Influence of Metyrapone administration
No full textStressors presented during late prenatal period can have long-term effects on offspring behaviour (1). Indeed we showed that in the rat progeny a single immobilization procedure at gestational day 16 enhances spatial learning in a non-aversive, rewarded-facilitated learning task, the Can Test, and decreases anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze (2). In this study, we wanted to investigate: (i) the effects of a single prenatal immobilization-stress on the operant conflict task (OCT), an anxiety-related procedure, in which positively reinforced responses are suppressed by contingent punishment (3); (ii) the expression of mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors (MRs, GRs) in the hippocampus and hypothalamus under basal and shock-induced conditions; (iii) the influence of an acute manipulation of corticosterone levels with metyrapone on the OCT. Our results show that: prenatal stress enhances the number of the punished responses in the OCT (p<0.05); MRs are increased in the hippocampus of control rats (p<0, 05), while GRs are increased in the hypothalamus of prenatally stressed rats (p<0, 05), following electric shock-exposure; metyrapone administration (50mg/kg) diminished the number of the punished responses both in prenatally-stressed and in control rats (p<0, 05). These data confirm that a single prenatal stress induces in the progeny a greater ability to cope with conflict situations, probably due to the different distribution of glucocorticoid receptors in the rat brain. Metyrapone induces a higher sensitivity to the electric shock, in both rat groups, likely as a consequence of a reduction in corticosterone levels (4).
1) Yang J. et al, Neurobiol Learn & Mem 87 (2007) 257-263
2) Cannizzaro C. et al, Behav Br Res 169 (2006) 128-136
3) Loiseau F. et al, Behav Pharmacol 14 (2003) 447-455
4) Malgorzata L. et al, Behav Br Res 171 (2006) 189-19
Analysis and definition of a ZEB building at optimum level of efficiency and costs
No full textThe urban regeneration actions arise by the growing importance of information and communication technologies, moving to sustainable solutions, energy saving and security. New energy planning tools are adopted suggesting the legislator towards large-scale energy policies, by setting up all the information related to the building fabric whose representativeness can be defined through Reference Buildings. The aim of this study is the definition of a suitable methodology based on an energetic and economic approach able to detect refurbishment scenarios of existing buildings, in compliance with the ZEB requirements. For this purpose two residential reference buildings, located in Milan and Reggio Calabria representative of different climatic conditions, are defined aimed at analyzing the energy saving and the CO2 reduction of a series of refurbishment scenarios. Ten energy improvement packages, related both to the envelope and to the technical systems, are considered for the achievement of NZEB and ZEB target. Among these technologies, the best solutions are selected from an energy and economic point of view. Finally, the results are applied to the Italian buildings stock with the same characteristics of the reference building, through a simplified bottom-up approach
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