1,721,133 research outputs found
Apoptomirs: Small molecules have gained the license to kill
No full textApoptosis is a tightly regulated form of cell death and represents an important process during normal development. In the past years, the scientific community has produced remarkable advances in our understanding of cancer biology, realizing that apoptosis and the genes that control it have a profound effect on the malignant phenotype. Recently, a new class of non-coding RNA genes, known as microRNA (miRNA or miR), have been demonstrated to play important roles in diverse biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. This suggests that other oncogenic mechanisms are needed to produce selective pressure to override apoptosis during multistage carcinogenesis. Intriguingly, since most cytotoxic anticancer agents induce apoptosis, it is possible that defects in apoptotic programs may contribute to treatment failure. Several studies strongly suggest a role for microRNAs in modulating sensitive/resistant phenotypes to cytotoxic therapy, calling for further investigation and validation of microRNA functions and targets in order to improve sensitivity to cancer treatments, thus ultimately improving prognosis and survival. Here, we review the current findings about microRNAs focusing on their involvement in the apoptotic process. © 2010 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great Britain
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
A NOVEL SURFACE MARKER (B203.13) OF HUMAN HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITORS PREFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED ALONG THE B AND MYELOID LINEAGES
No full textRole of the high mobility group A proteins in human lipomas
No full textThe HMGA family is comprised of four proteins: HMGA1a, HMGA1b, MIGA1c and HMGA2. The first three proteins are products of the same gene, HMGA1, generated through an alternative splicing mechanism. The HMGA proteins are involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and HMGA DNA-binding sites have been identified in functional regions of many gene promoters. Rearrangements of the HMGA2 gene have been frequently detected in human benign tumors of mesenchymal origin including lipomas. 12q13-15 chromosomal translocations involving the HMGA2 gene locus, account for these rearrangements. The HMGA proteins have three AT-hook domains and an acidic C-terminal tail. The HMGA2 modifications consist in the loss of the C-terminal tail and fusion with ectopic sequences. A pivotal role of the HMGA2 rearrangements in the process of lipomagenesis is suggested by experiments showing that transgenic mice carrying a truncated HMGA2 gene showed a giant phenotype together with abdominal/pelvic lipomatosis. As HMGA2 null mice showed a great reduction in fat tissue, a positive role of the HMGA2 gene in adipocytic cell proliferation is proposed. More recently, similar alterations of the HMGA1 gene have been described. As the block of the HMGA1 protein synthesis induces an increase in growth rate of the pre-adipocytic cell line 3T3-L1, we suggest a negative role of the HMGA1 proteins in adipocytic cell growth and, therefore, we propose that adipocytic cell growth derives from the balance of the HMGA1 and HMGA2 protein functions
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