1,720,960 research outputs found
Synthesis of chiral vinylogous sulfonamidopeptides (vs-peptides)
No full textChiral vinylogous amino sulfonic acids (vs-amino acids) were synthesized starting from either L-or D-alpha-amino acids via N-Boc-alpha-amino aldehydes. Wittig-Homer reaction with methyl (or ethyl) diethylphosphoryl methanesulfonate and nBuLi gave the corresponding alpha,beta-unsaturated sulfonates in high yield and complete (E) stereoselectivity. Cleavage of the methyl (ethyl) ester was effected by treatment of the sulfonates with nBu(4)NI in refluxing acetone. Treatment of the nBu(4)N(+) sulfonate salts with SO2Cl2/PPh3/CH2Cl2 gave the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides as stable chromatographable compounds. The synthetic sequence proved successful not only starting from alpha-amino acids carrying unfunctionalized side-chains (Ala, Val, Phe, Leu, Pro), but also with functionalized alpha-amino acids (Ser, Tyr, Gin) provided that the side chains were suitably protected. The sulfonyl chlorides were coupled with the amine salts to give vs-dipeptides. Amine hydrochlorides were prepared from N-Boc derivatives by treatment with HCl in methanol or ethyl acetate. The process was further iterated to give vs-tripeptides and vs-tetrapeptides. The above procedure was also used to synthesize "mixed" peptides, which incorporate both proteinogenic alpha-amino acids and vs-amino acids. Proteinogenic alpha-amino acids were incorporated at both the C-terminal and the N-terminal position
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Synthesis of combinatorial libraries of vinylogous sulfonamidopeptides (vs-peptides)
No full textChiral vinylogous sulfonamidopeptides (vs-peptides) were synthesized on TentaGel resin employing (S)- and (R)-N-Boc-vinyIogous sulfonyl chlorides 2a-i as building blocks. Glycine and two different photocleavable molecules were used as linkers, and the corresponding cleavage conditions were optimized. According to preliminary studies in solution and on solid phase. three libraries were synthesized with the "split-mix synthesis" method. Taking advantage of the acidic character of the sulfonamides (RSO2-NHR: pK(a) = 10-11), mild conditions were developed to alkylate the sulfonamide nitrogen atom so as to reduce the acidity of the monomers and of the oligomers and increase their in vivo bioavailability. This synthetic methodology was employed to increase the diversity in a library of di-N-alkylated vs-dipeptides 26. The electron-withdrawing capability of the sulfonamido group pointed to the use of vinylogous sulfonamidopeptides as Michael accepters. The sodium enolate of dimethyl malonate was used as nucleophile to obtain N-Boc-gamma-lactams 35 in moderate yields and good diastereoselectivity
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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