488 research outputs found
Climaconeis tarangensis Lobban 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Climaconeis tarangensis</i> Lobban, <i>sp. nov.</i> Figs 45–49. <p> <b>Diagnosis:—</b> Curved species without craticular bars or stauros, differing from <i>Climaconeis riddleae</i> A.K.S.K. Prasad 2003: 14 in its lower stria density (20 vs 24–27 in 10 µm) and regular apically rectangular areolae.</p> <p> <b>Description:—</b> Living cells not observed. Valves arcuate, 121–124 µm long, 4.5 µm wide at center, gradually tapering to 3.0 µm just before the weakly capitate apices, 3.5 µm wide (Fig. 45). Striae 20–21 in 10 µm, parallel except convergent near apices and radiating around the apex; areolae apically rectangular (Figs 46–49). Raphe biarcuate (Fig. 45), the raphe slit partially covered by an irregular flap along the ventral side (Figs 46, 47). External central raphe endings turned slightly ventral, terminal endings nearly straight. Internal raphe with a rib along one side, helictoglossa at the apex (Figs. 48, 49). Copulae with two rows of apically-oriented pores similar to those on the valve (Figs 46, 47).</p> <p> <b>Holotype hic designatus:—</b> Specimen at 9.0 mm E, 6.4 mm S of the mark on slide 512, deposited at ANSP, accession # ANSP-GC20095. Fig. 45. Registration: http://phycobank.org/102760.</p> <p> <b>Type locality:—</b> F.S.M. Yap State: Tarang (“ O’Keefe’s Island ”), 9.525 N, 138.132 E; subtidal sediments from 15 m depth, sample Y26 C. <i>C.S. Lobban</i> and M. Schefter, 25 September 1988 <i>.</i></p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> Named for the type locality.</p> <p> <b>Comments:—</b> This species is very similar to <i>C. riddleae</i>, which has been recorded from Guam (Lobban <i>et al.</i> 2011) and Chuuk (Park <i>et al.</i> in prep.), but Prasad (2003) described the areolae of that species thus: “squarish or subrectangular poroids… [sometimes] slightly apically elongated, especially at the apices.” In <i>C. tarangensis</i> the areolae are distinctly apically elongate even in the central part of the cell. Prasad’s images show a row of somewhat larger, square areolae along the ventral side of the raphe sternum (the same side that bears the silica flaps). While the differences in stria density and areola shape are small, it has become clear in this genus that such details must be taken into account in discriminating species [e.g., in distinguishing <i>C. mabikii</i> J.Park, Khim & J.H.Lee 2016: 592 from <i>C. undulata</i> (Meister 1932: 41) Lobban, Ashworth & E.C.Theriot 2010: 295 – Park <i>et al.</i> 2016]. For <i>C. tarangensis</i>, with <i>C. riddleae</i> known from the region, it is especially clear that the differences cannot be dismissed as geographic variation between Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins.</p>Published as part of <i>Lobban, Christopher S., 2021, New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap, pp. 235-265 in Phytotaxa 508 (3)</i> on page 246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5425968">http://zenodo.org/record/5425968</a>
Parlibellus paschalis Lobban 2021, sp. nov.
No full textParlibellus paschalis Lobban, sp. nov. Figs 70–78. Diagnosis:— Differing from P. delognei (Van Heurck 1880: pl. 11) E.J. Cox 1988: 19 in lacking the cuniculus and pores in the central area and smaller size, and from P. berkeleyi (Kützing 1849: 106) E.J. Cox 1988: 21 in width and stria density. Description:— Tube-dwelling cells with plastids reminiscent of a hot cross bun in valve view, a butterfly in girdle view (Figs 70–72). Frustules, often remaining together after acid cleaning (Fig. 73), with numerous copulae (Fig. 74). Valves elliptico-lanceolate, 28–35 µm long, 10.5–12.5 µm wide (Figs 75–78). Striae 25–26 in 10 µm except slightly more distant (21 in 10 µm) in those adjacent to central area, weakly radiate in the central area, otherwise parallel, continuing around the apices (Figs 75–78). Striae punctate, the external areolae openings circular to transapically elongate, internally circular. Areolae closest to the raphe sternum somewhat more prominent (Fig. 77, arrow). Central area lacking isolated pores. External central raphe endings 4–6 striae apart, straight, extending into the narrowly oval central area, which as defined by the line of areolae is 11–12 striae long. External terminal raphe endings subapical (ca. 5 striae short of apex) with a small hook into a small hyaline area 1–2 striae wide. Internal raphe endings straight, a small helictoglossa at each terminus; no cuniculi at the central endings. Holotype hic designatus:— specimen at 16.1 mm E and 9.7 mm S of the mark on slide 192, deposited at ANSP, accession # ANSP-GC20094. Fig. 75. Registration: http://phycobank.org/102762. Type locality:— GUAM: Apra Harbor, GabGab reef, 13.443 N, 144.643 E, farmer fish (Plectroglyphidodon lacrimatus) territory 7–8 m depth, sample GU44L-C. C.S. Lobban and M. Schefter, 2 March 2008. Etymology:— paschalis, L. adjective referring to Easter, with reference to the resemblance of the live cells in valve view to the Eastertime bakery item, hot cross buns. Additional Records:— GUAM: GabGab reef, Apra Harbor, GU44I-2!, GU44K-6!. Comments:— This species is most like P. delognei f. elliptica (Lobban 1983: 287) Cox 1988: 21 but differs in lacking the cuniculus that is characteristic of both forms of delognei, along with associated pores in the central area. [A cuniculus (Ross et al. 1979, Cox 1978) “comprises a simple pore in the external central area connecting with an elongate perforate raised structure terminating the internal raphe fissures in the central area.”] It is also shorter and narrower than that form, though wider than P. berkeleyi. The colony structure is similar to the narrow threads of the nominate variety of P. delognei but much different from the large, cold-water colonies of var. elliptica (Cox 1988, Lobban 1983). The stria density is higher than other similar species (Table 2), including P. berkeleyi (16–18 in 10 µm).Published as part of Lobban, Christopher S., 2021, New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap, pp. 235-265 in Phytotaxa 508 (3) on pages 251-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/542596
Gato hyalinus Lobban & J. N. Navarro 2013, sp. nov.
No full textGato hyalinus Lobban & J.N. Navarro sp. nov. (Figs 1–21) Cellulae coloniales in tubis brevibus mucilaginis interdum ramosis. Chloroplasti numerosi lenticulares elongati. Valvae ovales parum angustatae versus basem, longitudine 30–40 µm, latitudine 13–15 µm. Striae transapicales tenuissimes, ca. 60–70 in 10 µm, paralleles praeter e extremo apicali sterni radians et prope polum basalem obliquaras. Rimoportula poli basalis in palla valvarum; rimoportula poli apicalis ad vel ultra extremum apicali sterni, prope pallam. Pori marginati non solum 3–5 in quoque lato poli basalis, in exemplum valvae rimoportula basali ferens una cum paribus striarum obliquarum e unusquaque versus sternum extensarum, sed etiam aliquot irregulariter in striis transapicalis prope marginem positis. Cells colonial in short, sometimes branched mucilage tubes. Plastids numerous, elongate lenticular. Valves oval, slightly tapered toward foot pole, length 30–40 µm, width 13–15 µm. Transapical striae extremely fine, ca. 60–70 in 10 µm, parallel except radiating from head pole of sternum, and oblique at foot pole. Foot pole rimoportula on valve margin; head pole rimoportulae at or beyond end of sternum, near edge of mantle. Rimmed pores 3-5 on each side of the foot pole, on valve with basal rimoportula associated with pairs of oblique striae extending from each toward the sternum, and several others irregularly placed on transapical striae near margin. Type:— GUAM. Apra Harbor, GabGab reef, 13° 26' 33.63" N, 144° 38' 34.25" E, acid cleaned material of diatoms, epiphytic on algal turf in farmer fish territories, collected 20 June 2009, GU44Z-15, strewn on microscope slide and filtered onto Millipore® filter paper. (Specimen circled on microscope slide marked CAS #223005, accession #627383, holotype, designated here; SEM stub of collection GU44Z-15 [deposited as holotype of the bleakeleyoid diatom Perideraion decipiens Lobban in Lobban et al. (2011)], CAS #627385, isotype, designated here). Etymology:—hyaline, with reference to the lack of structure visible in LM. Additional specimens examined: — GUAM: Agana Boat Basin, epiphytic on algal turf just below low water line, 29 November 1988, GU26A; GabGab, Apra Harbor, epiphytic on algal turf in farmer fish territories, 3 August 2008, GU44O-F, 1 September 2008, GU44P-B, 28 March 2009, GU44W- 10 and 10 May 2009, GU44Y-13; Pete’s Reef, Facpi Pt., 7 September 2008, GU55A-C. PALAU. Toachel ra Ngel, Ulebsechel I., 13 April 2009, PW2009-40. PUERTO RICO: Caja de Muertos Island, 27 December 1985; Enrique Reef, 7 m deep epiphyte on the red alga Amphiroa sp., 8 April 1994, slide #C94-6. JAMAICA: Sponge Gardens, St Ann, 27 m deep, 19 November 1995, slide #A96-14 . Observations:— Colonies (Figs 1–4) are a few cells long, sometimes branched, each cell at the end of a section of tube, from which the next section arose off-center; Fig. 4 suggests at least a temporary septum within the tubes. In Fig. 1 there appear to be cohabitant naviculoids in the tubes; these have not been commonly observed. Gato hyalinus cells are broadly oval, slightly narrower at the basal end, apparently with many elongate-lenticular plastids (Figs 1–4), and the cells arranged in the colonies with the narrower pole toward the base. Frustules are also slightly tapered in girdle view (Fig. 4). In acid-cleaned valves in LM (Figs 5, 6), the rimoportulae can be seen, and sometimes a faint sternum, but the striae are too fine to resolve and the valves appear hyaline. In SEM, the valve surface is smooth, with rounded margins, striae 60–70 in 10 µm consisting of uniseriate rows of simple circular pores (Fig. 19) that extend to the valve border (Figs 7, 8, 10, 11, 20). In places, the pattern could be described as quincunx (e.g., Fig. 13) but the spacing between pores in the striae is generally insufficiently consistent. There is a narrow, irregular break in the striae along the centerline, barely constituting a sternum (Figs 7–16, 20). Striae are parallel except at the head pole, where they radiate from the end of the sternum (Figs 16, 20), and in association with the rimmed pores (Figs 8, 10). Both valves have a small rimoportula at the head pole near the valve apex, at or beyond the end of the sternum (Figs 9, 12, 13, 16, 20), but the two valves are different at the foot pole. There, only one valve of the frustule has a rimoportula and more strongly oblique striae —the “cat’s whiskers” for which the genus is named (Figs 8, 10), the other valve lacks a rimoportula at the foot pole (Figs 12–20). Both foot poles have several large rimmed pores, i.e., that have slightly thickened rims internally (Figs 7, 8, 10, 11, 15, 17). There are two series of rimmed pores, typically 4–5 on each side of the foot pole on the valve with a rimoportula; there are only 3 on those without a foot-pole rimoportula. In addition several irregularly placed pores occurred near the foot pole on both valves, interrupting 2 or more striae (Fig. 15, 18), but are not observed near the head pole. On valves with a basal rimoportula there are pairs of oblique striae extending from the sternum to the basal set of rimmed (Figs 7, 8, 10, 11); these are not obvious on valves without a basal rimoportula, where only some irregularity in the striae was observed (Figs 14, 15, 17). We have little information on girdle bands, but they appear to be finely punctate (Fig. 21), similar to the valve surface. Genera morphologically most similar to Gato are Florella and Licmophora. We do not suggest that either of these is related to Gato. Besides Navarro’s (1982, 1996, 2002) descriptions, we have observed Florella portoricensis Navarro (1982: 248, 258, emend Navarro 1996: 304) (Fig. 22) and Florella pascuensis Navarro (2002: 284) (Fig. 23) from the Republic of the Marshall Islands; this is the first confirmed report of these species from that country, and the first confirmed record of F. portoricensis from the Pacific Ocean. In addition Lobban et al. (2012) observed and cultured samples of F. pascuensis from Guam. The valves of Florella spp. are isopolar with parallel striae of cribrate areolae continuing unbroken to the valve border from an indistinct sternum; there are no pore fields. F. portoricensis has a series of rudimentary rimoportulae at each apex, indistinguishable from areolae except in internal SEM views, whereas F. pascuensis has two labiate rimoportulae, one at each end of the sternum, visible even in LM (Navarro 1996, 2002). F. pascuensis also has a unique pattern of slit-like areolae at each end. Frustules of Licmophora spp., on the other hand, are heteropolar and heterovalvar. A series of (5 to>30) simple slits at the foot pole is developed into a distinctive multiscissura (Figs 24, 25). The areolae (Fig. 24) are separated by virgae and viminae (Honeywill 1988). Although the rimoportulae of most Licmophora species are labiate rimoportulae (Fig. 25), in L. flabellata (Carmichael mscr. 1826, according to Agardh) C. Agardh (1831: 41, emend Sar & Ferrario 1990: 404) the head pole rimoportula and the unique series of extra rimoportulae along the sternum lack labia (Fig. 26). These have been characterized by Sar & Ferrario (1990) as “sessile rimoportulae” and are perhaps similar in structure (though not position) to the rimmed pores in Gato.Published as part of Lobban, Christopher S. & Navarro, J. Nelson, 2013, Gato hyalinus gen. et sp. nov., an unusual araphid tube-dwelling diatom from Western Pacific and Caribbean islands, pp. 22-31 in Phytotaxa 127 (1) on pages 23-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/508543
dependency of the ice II crystal structure and the effect of helium inclusion
No full textNo reliable structural data have been reported on ice II under pressure, earlier work in the literature relating either to samples recovered to ambient pressure or the helium hydrate that is formed when helium is used as the pressurizing medium. We report structural refinements of helium-free ice II at three points in the phase's region of stability. The structural differences from the helium-affected structure are significant, and can be related to the mainly repulsive interaction between the helium and both the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of the ice framework. These repulsions explain, among other changes, the different behaviors of the a (expansion) and c (contraction) lattice parameters, and the change in compressibility on the inclusion of helium. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics
The common law mind in the age of Sir Edward Coke
No full textThe author considers the historic writing of Sir Edward Coke and the context in which he sought to defend the position of common lawyers and their control of the law. Article by Dr Michael Lobban (Reader in Law, Queen Mary, University of London). Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London
The common law mind in the age of Sir Edward Coke
No full textThe author considers the historic writing of Sir Edward Coke and the context in which he sought to defend the position of common lawyers and their control of the law. Article by Dr Michael Lobban (Reader in Law, Queen Mary, University of London). Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London
Eritrean Liberation Front
No full textThe author of this issue, Richard Lobban, is trained as an anthropologist. He took his B.S. at Bucknell, an M.A. at Temple University, and is currently completing his Ph. D. at Northwestern University. Since 1964 he has been active with various liberationmovements, beginning with Frelimo in Tanzania.
Mr. Lobban went into Eritrea with the ELF to attend the First National Congress of the Eritrean Liberation Front. He traveled hard and dangerously while observing the operations of the liberation army and the response of villagers to it. In such a role he styles himself as a 11progres sive free -lance journalist. 11 In common with many writers on the New Left, he likes to draw parallels between revolutionary movements on the left throughout the whole developing world, and conversely sees the United States as a rather reactionary if not imperialistic force in these situations.
The fact that Mr. Lobban was not actually able to attend the Congress he set out to attend, because it was postponed beyond his own time limits, does not invalidate his observations of the operation of the Eritrean guerilla movement. The details of the Congress, when it was subsequently held, were relayed to him by what he considers to be most reliable sources
The structure and ordering of ices III and V
No full textThe structures of ices III and V have been studied under their thermodynamic conditions of stability by neutron diffraction. The results clearly indicate partial ordering of the water molecule orientations for both ice structures. For ice V the ordering is both pressure and temperature dependent, while no significant changes in ordering were noted for ice III within the small region of stability. No reduction in symmetry, necessary for complete orientational ordering, was observed for ice V at low temperatures. The ordering behavior of ice V at low temperatures (< 150 K), when considered in conjunction with dielectric measurements at high temperatures, suggests that while relaxation is achieved predominantly through the diffusion of rotational defects at high temperatures, the mechanism at low temperatures appears to be the migration of ionic defects which require only a small activation energy for mobilization. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)51715-2]
The impact of beliefs about mental health problems and coping on outcome in schizophrenia.
No full textBackground. Using the theoretical framework of the Self Regulation Model (SRM), many studies have demonstrated that beliefs individuals hold about their physical health problems are important in predicting health outcomes. This study tested the SRM in the context of a mental health problem, schizophrenia. Method. One hundred and twenty-four people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed on measures of symptom severity, beliefs about their mental health problems, coping and appraisal of outcome at two time points, 6 months apart. Results. Using multivariate analyses and controlling for severity of symptoms, beliefs about mental health were found to be significant predictors of outcome. Beliefs about greater negative consequences were the strongest and most consistent predictors of a poorer outcome in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Conclusions. These results suggest that the SRM is a promising model for mental health problems and may highlight important areas for development in clinical, and especially psychosocial interventions
Euplotes uncinatus (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), a new species with zooxantellae
No full textDuring the observations of a field collection of Maristentor dinoferus with fluorescence microscopy, we discovered a smaller ciliate with zooxanthellae. On the basis of morphological, morphometric and ultrastructural characters, this ciliate has been recognized as a new species of the genus Euplotes. To emphasize the peculiar shape and extension of the right buccal margin, the species has been named Euplotes uncinatus sp. n. The most distinctive traits of E. uncinatus are the presence of mucocyst-like vesicles, a kind of extrusome not previously found in Euplotes, and the presence of zooxanthellae. Evidence from ciliate behavior and zooxanthellae ultrastructure make it very likely that the zooxanthellae are symbiotic, even though some are evidently consumed by the host
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