105,679 research outputs found
Praktische Anwendung der pränatalen und präimplantativen Diagnostik
No full textDie Betrachtung von pränataler Diagnostik und Präimplantationsdiagnostik unter dem Aspekt der allgemeinen Bedingungen und Regeln ärztlichen Handelns zeigt, dass diese Methoden in verschiedener Hinsicht nicht ohne weiteres in diesen Rahmen hineinpassen. Sowohl der Begriff der Therapie wie derjenige der Prävention erfahren Bedeutungsverschiebungen, wenn von «therapeutischem Schwangerschaftsabbruch aus fötaler Indikation» oder von «Prävention des Downsyndroms» durch die Verhinderung der Geburt von bereits existierenden menschlichen Lebewesen mit dieser Chromosomenveränderung gesprochen wird. Die sonst übliche Verpflichtung des Arztes, zum Wohle des Patienten unter Berücksichtigung des Allgemeinwohls zu handeln, wird durch Zielkonflikte zwischen den Interessen des Fötus oder Embryos, bei dem pränatale Diagnostik oder Präimplantationsdiagnostik durchgeführt wird, und den Interessen des betroffenen Elternpaars kompliziert und zusätzlich vom ausgesprochenen oder unausgesprochenen utilitaristischen Druck der Gesellschaft überlagert.
Die Besonderheiten ärztlichen Handelns im Rahmen der pränatalen Diagnostik und Präimplantationsdiagnostik bedingen eine besondere medizinethische Reflexion dieser Fragen und daraus abgeleitet besondere Regeln in der Anwendung dieser Methoden. Noch anspruchsvoller als die Erarbeitung solcher Regeln ist allerdings ihre Umsetzung in die Praxis, insbesondere bei der pränatalen Diagnostik. Es braucht eine besondere Sensibilität beim Arzt und der Schwangeren, um zu erkennen, wo die Schwangerschaftsbetreuung den gewohnten Rahmen ärztlichen Handelns verlässt und die erwähnten Bedeutungsverschiebungen der Begriffe Therapie und Prävention sowie mögliche Zielkonflikte auftauchen. Eine solche Sensibilisierung kann nur durch eine breite und anhaltende gesellschaftliche Bewusstseinsbildung erreicht werden
Present-Biased Individuals, Optimal Paternalism, and Transfers in Kind
No full textPresent-biased preferences cause distortions in consumption that can motivate the use of paternalistic in-kind transfers. Empirically, goods are consumed to different degrees when consumption outlay changes. Economists distinguish between necessary goods and luxury goods. A present-biased individual has an intertemporal distortion of consumption toward the present, which in turn distorts present consumption toward luxury goods. In-kind transfers of necessary goods, such as food stamps, can alleviate the intertemporal distortion and make present-biased transfer recipients better off. Further, transfers in kind are asymmetrical in the sense that they can target present-biased recipients without affecting fully rational recipients.in-kind transfers; time preference
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Equality of Opportunity and Optimal Cash and In-Kind Policies
No full textThis paper examines the argument for public provision of certain private goods, like education and health, based on equality of opportunity by studying the utility possibility frontier of a society in which there is a concern for the distribution of these goods. A given quality of education or health services can be consumed for free in the public sector, but people can opt-out and purchase their desired quality levels in the private sector. Some of the conclusions are: (i) a pure cash transfer is optimal when the utility redistribution is either “sufficiently” small or large; (ii) if and only if both the equality-of-opportunity concern and the utility redistribution are large enough, can an in-kind program which attracts the whole population be justified; (iii) even when everybody chooses the in-kind program, it may be optimal to perform some additional utility redistribution by increasing the size of such program.equality of opportunity, redistribution, education, in-kind
Forced Manager Turnovers in English Soccer Leagues: A Long-Term Perspective
No full textThe authors conduct an empirical analysis of a hand-collected sample of 2,376 turnovers of soccer managers in the four major English leagues in the seasons from 1949-1950 to 2007-2008. While the relation between the probability of a manager being fired and long-term performance remained remarkably stable, both the absolute frequency and the sensitivity of firing decisions on the outcome of recent matches steadily and significantly increased during the six decades covered by the sample. This is likely to reflect the increased level of competition in and economic importance of the English soccer leagues. © The Author(s) 2012
I'd rather be where the girls are [music] /
No full text"In J. C. Williamson's pantomime Jack and the Beanstalk" -- Cover.; For voice and piano.; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-vn2381805.I would rather be where the girls ar
Ouder-kind relaties en sociaal-emotionele problematiek in de volwassenheid : Een prospectief onderzoek van geboorte tot volwassenheid
No full textIn dit onderzoek zijn verbanden onderzocht tussen de ouder-kind relatie en de sociaal-emotionele ontwikkeling gedurende de levensloop. Er werden gegevens gebruikt van 212 personen die van hun geboorte tot en met hun zevenendertigste jaar zijn gevolgd. sem-analyses maakten duidelijk dat een lagere affectieve kwaliteit van ouder-kind relaties gerelateerd was aan een hoger niveau van conflict en lagere kwaliteit van communicatie met ouders in de adolescentie. Deze conflictueuze ouder-adolescent relaties waren op hun beurt weer verbonden met een lagere kwaliteit van partnerrelaties in de jongvolwassenheid, en meer ontevredenheid met het leven (maar niet depressie of angst) tijdens de middenvolwassenheid, op 37-jarige leeftijd.</p
The Impacts of Cash and In-Kind Transfers on Consumption and Labor Supply: Experimental Evidence from Rural Mexico
No full textThe authors use the unique experimental design of the Food Support Program (Programa Apoyo Alimentario) to analyze in-kind and cash transfers in the poor rural areas of southern states of Mexico. They compare the impacts of monthly in-kind and cash transfers of equivalent value (mean share 11.5 percent of pre-program consumption) on household welfare as measured by food and total consumption, adult labor supply, and poverty. The results show that approximately two years later the transfer has a large and positive impact on total and food consumption. There are no differences in the size of the effect of transfer in cash versus transfers in-kind on consumption. The transfer, irrespective of type, does not affect overall participation in labor market activities but induces beneficiary households to switch their labor allocation from agricultural to nonagricultural activities. The analysis finds that the program leads to a significant reduction in poverty. Overall, the findings suggest that the Food Support Program intervention is able to relax the binding liquidity constraints faced by poor agricultural households, and thus increases both equity and efficiency.Adult Work Incentives; Cash Transfers; Consumption; Difference-in-Differences; In-Kind Transfers; Mexico; Poverty Measures; PAL; Randomized design.
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