1,721,020 research outputs found
Immigration : the European experience
No full textThis paper starts with a brief historical overview of immigration in Europe. We then provide a comprehensive analysis of the skill structures of immigrants and their labor market integration in the different European countries, their position in the wage distribution, and the situation of their children, and illustrate the economic situation of immigrants and their children relative to natives. We show that immigrants – in particular those from non-EU countries – are severely disadvantaged in most countries, even if we compare them to natives with the same measurable skills. We conclude with a discussion of the role of regulations and institutions as one possible mechanism for these findings, and suggest directions for future researc
The Effect of Immigration along the Distribution of Wages
Full text linkThis paper analyses the effect immigration has on wages of native workers. Unlike most previous work, we estimate wage effects along the distribution of native wages. We derive a flexible empirical strategy that does not rely on pre-allocating immigrants to particular skill groups. In our empirical analysis, we demonstrate that immigrants downgrade considerably upon arrival. As for the effects on native wages, we find a pattern of effects whereby immigration depresses wages below the 20th percentile of the wage distribution, but leads to slight wage increases in the upper part of the wage distribution. This pattern mirrors the evidence on the location of immigrants in the wage distribution. We suggest that possible explanations for the overall slightly positive effect on native wages, besides standard immigration surplus arguments, could involve deviations of immigrant remuneration from contribution to production either because of initial mismatch or immigrant downgrading
The Fiscal Effects of Immigration to the UK
Full text linkIn this paper, we investigate the fiscal impact of immigration on the UK economy, with a focus on the period since 1995. We provide estimates for the overall immigrant population for the period between 1995 and 2012, and for more recent immigrants who arrived since 2000, distinguishing between immigrants from European versus non-European countries. Overall, our findings indicate that EEA immigrants have made a positive fiscal contribution, even during periods when the UK was running budget deficits. This positive contribution is particularly noticeable for more recent immigrants that arrived since 2000 in particular from EEA countrie
Estimating the effect of emigration from Poland on Polish wages
No full textThis paper contributes to a small but growing literature that studies the effects emigration has on the labour markets of the sending countries, focussing on Poland for the period 1998-2007. We develop a simple model that guides our empirical specification, and provides a clear interpretation for our estimates. The data we use is unique, in that it contains information about household members who are currently living abroad, allowing us to develop region specific emigration rates, and to estimate the effect emigration has on wages, using within-region variation. We also provide IV estimates, using information on labour market shocks in the largest destination countries as instruments. Our results show that emigration from Poland was largest for workers with intermediate skill levels, and that it is wages for this skill group that increased most. We also show that emigration led to a slight overall increase in wages. Workers at the low end of the skill distribution did not gain, but may have experienced slight wage decrease
The Effect of Emigration from Poland on Polish Wages
Full text linkIn this paper, we analyse the effect of emigration from Poland on Polish wages. Focusing on the 1998-2007 period for Poland, we use a unique dataset that contains information about household members who are currently living abroad, which allows us to develop region-specific emigration rates and to estimate the effect of emigration on wages using within-region variation. Our findings show that emigration led to a slight increase in wages for high- and medium-skilled workers, which are the two groups with the largest relative outmigration rates. Workers at the low end of the skill distribution might have experienced wage decreases
Educational achievement of second-generation immigrants : an international comparison
No full textThis paper compares the educational attainment of second-generation immigrants with that of children born to native parents in several OECD countries. We show that the average gap in test scores of children of immigrants and natives differs widely across countries, and is strongly related to achievement differences in the parent generation. The disadvantage of immigrant children reduces, and even disappears for some countries, once we condition on parental background characteristics. A foreign language spoken at home is the single most important factor associated with the achievement gap. An alternative reference group to native children are children born to non-emigrants in the country of origin. We compare mathematics test scores of children of Turkish immigrants in several destination countries, to those of Turkish children in Turkey whose parents have not emigrated. We find that in most host countries, the test score achievement of the children of Turkish immigrants (although being lower than that of their native peers) is higher than that of children of their cohort in the home country. This is conditional and unconditional on parental background characteristics. The higher school- and peer- quality relative to that in the home country is a main determinant of the educational advantage of immigrant children
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