204 research outputs found
Architetture di progettisti e costruttori italiani a Buenos Aires. Conoscenza e valorizzazione di un patrimonio.
No full textIl contributo - presentato in occasione del XVIII Congreso lnternacional de Expresión Grafica Arquitectónica tenutosi a Zaragoza dal 21 al 25 settembre 2020 - descrive lo stato d’avanzamento della ricerca, avviata nel 2016, sul censimento e la descrizione del patrimonio architettonico di matrice italiana a Buenos Aires
Nutritional optic neuropathies: State of the art and emerging evidences
No full textNutritional optic neuropathy is a cause of bilateral, symmetrical, and progressive visual impairment with loss of central visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, dyschromatopsia, and a central or centrocecal scotoma. The clinical features are not pathognomonic, since hereditary and toxic forms share similar signs and symptoms. It is becoming increasingly common due to the widespread of bariatric surgery and strict vegetarian or vegan diets, so even the scientific interest has recently increased. In particular, recent studies have focused on possible pathogenetic mechanisms, and on novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in order to prevent the onset, make a prompt diagnosis and an accurate nutritional supplementation, and to avoid irreversible optic nerve atrophy. Nowadays, there is clear evidence of the role of cobalamin, folic acid, thiamine, and copper, whereas further studies are needed to define the role of niacin, riboflavin, and pyridoxine. This review aims to summarize the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of nutritional optic neuropathy, and it is addressed not only to ophthalmologists, but to all physicians who could come in contact with a patient with a possible nutritional optic neuropathy, being a fundamental multidisciplinary approach
Hard- and soft-bottom thanatofacies from the Santa Maria di Leuca deep-water coral province, Mediterranean
No full textThanatofacies and the skeletonized components of the living facies, from which they originate have been studied from the Santa Maria di Leuca (SML) deep-water coral mound province. Faunal analysis was carried out by means of bottom sampling and underwater video observations, taking into account all benthic taxonomic groups, mostly corals, molluscs, serpulids, bryozoans, ostracods, foraminifers and barnacles, which permitted recognition of six different facies. These thanatofacies are easily distinguishable and appear to be largely corresponding and overlapping with related living facies. Some occur in mound areas, others in the intermound ones. They are as follows: the Framework- building Coral facies (FC), characterised by colonial corals, mostly Madrepora oculata; the Coral Rubble facies (CR), with proximal and distal aspects, characterised by large- to small-sized and densely to loosely packed coral fragments; the Solitary Coral facies (SC), dominated by different species depending on the availability and dimensions of hard exploitable surfaces; the Gryphus and Isidella facies (GI) in relatively coarse-grained bottoms; the Mollusc Mud facies (MM) and the Foraminifer Mud facies (FM) in comparably homogeneous silty bottoms. Facies distribution and spatial variability are discussed, in relation to hydrology and sea-floor topography. Furthermore, the SML facies are compared with living facies from the present-day Mediterranean and Pleistocene sediments of the same area. Data on bioclastic assemblages can serve for comparison with other recent aphotic, non-tropical carbonates
Architecture by Italian Designers and Builders in Buenos Aires. Knowledge and Valorisations of the Heritage.
No full textTra il 1880 e il 1930 quasi 2.200.000 Italiani migrarono in Argentina e tra questi molti costruttori, tecnici, ingegneri e architetti, la cui presenza determinò - specialmente nel XIX e XX secolo, al tempo della trasformazione di Buenos Aires in Capitale del Stato federale - la formazione di un patrimonio architettonico "Italianizante", diffuso e di elevata consistenza. Tale vasto compendio edilizio, disseminato in tutta la metropoli e di alto valore non solo a livello storico-documentario ma anche dal punto di vista della sua varietà tipologica e della qualità architettonico-stilistica, risulta in condizioni estremamente fragili, non solo per effetto delle politiche di tutela nazionale (molto deboli fino agli ultimi decenni), ma, in primo luogo, per il fatto stesso di non essere riconosciuto come patrimonio, degno di conoscenza e valore.
La ricerca qui proposta presenta il lavoro di censimento, documentazione, rilievo e analisi svolto, a partire dal 2015, su questo vasto insieme di edifici, con particolare riferimento alla residenza, alle sedi delle associazioni italiane a Buenos Aires ed agli edifici scolastici.Between 1880 and 1930 more than two million of Italians migrate in Argentina and the presence between them of designers, technicians, foremen, and builders contribute to the birth of a huge number of buildings, characterized by a common "Italianizante" architectonical matrix, that can be seen nowadays in the city, which in those years was making the transformations linked to its new role of Capital of the young federal republic.
These buildings belong to a heritage spread throughout the city and characterized by typological variety and high architectural-stylistic quality, but made fragile not only by weak protection politics in force until few years ago, but also by its condition of diffusion, which have impeded its valorisation and identification.
This work is the set of census, classification, survey and description, made since 2015, of residential buildings, Italian associations’ headquarters and schools, and it has the purpose to give support to the protection and valorisation of this heritage, helping also the cultural tourism
Indagine sulla eco-epidemiologia di virus delle ortive in Provincia di Brindisi
No full textEco-epidemiological research of vegetables viruses
in Brindisi Province
Nearly 45% of Italy’s tomato production is fieldgrown
in Apulia, Southern Italy and in this Region,
the Brindisi Province is the second largest
producer with an acreage of about 3500 ha. The
crop is directed mostly to canning industry and
has a high economic value. In 1997 and 1998
about 30% of the total tomato acreage in the
Brindisi Province was stricken by massive outbreaks
of virus diseases involving mainly Tomato
spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus
(CMV), Alfalfamosaic virus (AMV) and Potato
virus Y (PVY). All these viruses caused appreciable
economic that caused relinquishment of traditional
tomato-growing areas, low quality of the
commodities and a huge increase and often indiscriminate
use of insecticides. TSWV epiphytotics
were the most devastating with nearly 95% crop
losses. This paper reports the results of a systematic
survey whereby, over a 12-month period, the
occurrence of TSWV, CMV, AMV and PVY was
monitored in weeds that usually colonise tomatogrowing
areas. More than 4800 plants belonging
to 31 species and about 8000 thrips, including
adults and larvae, were collected and analysed by
Digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes. TSWV was the
virus more frequently detected (percent of infection
in parentheses) (3.5%), followed by PVY
(1%), CMV (0,7%), AMV (0,7%) and INSV
(0.2%). In tomato, INSV was found in mixed infection
with TSWV. TSWV was also recorded in
the adults of Frankliniella occidentalis (28%),
Thrips tabaci (29%), and in other undetermined
thrips species (31%) and larvae (14,5%).
Diplotaxis erucoides, Fumaria officinalis, Oxalis
acetosella, Sinapis spp, and Veronica spp were
identified as new hosts for TSWV in Ital
Sicilian Palaentological geosites: Knowledege, protection and exploitation of the palaentological heritage
No full textBinocular treatment for amblyopia: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
No full textBackground
To date, there is still no consensus regarding the effect of binocular treatment for amblyopia.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available
evidence to determine whether binocular treatment is more effective than patching in children
with amblyopia.
Methods
Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register
of Controlled Trials) were searched for studies that compared binocular treatment and
patching in children with amblyopia. The outcome measures were visual acuity and stereopsis.
Pooled effects sizes were calculated with a random-effect model. The standardized difference
in means (SDM) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. Sensitivity
analysis and assessment of publication bias were performed.
Results
Five randomized clinical trials were included. No significant difference in visual acuity
between patients treated with binocular treatment and patching was observed (SDM =
-0.12; 95% CI: -0.45–0.20; P = 0.464). No significant difference in stereopsis between
patients treated with binocular treatment and patching was observed (SDM = -0.07; 95% CI:
-0.61–0.48; P = 0.809). For both variables, the between-study heterogeneity was high
(respectively, I2 = 61% and I2 = 57%).
Conclusions
This meta-analysis found no convincing evidence supporting the efficacy of binocular treatment
as an alternative to conventional patching. Therefore, the binocular treatment cannot
fully replace traditional treatment but, to date, it can be considered a valid complementary
therapy in peculiar cases. Further studies are required to determine whether more engaging
therapies and new treatment protocols are more effective
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmological emergency department visits
No full textThe novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) appeared in the Chinese city of Wuhan and precipitously extended across the globe. On the evening of 9 March 2020, the Italian Government ordered a national lockdown to limit social interactions and contain the spread of the infection. As evident in other epidemics, peoples’ fear of infection may affect their utilization patterns of health services and reduce the access to health care (Chang et al. 2004). We have previously noted a significant change in the trends of eye injuries since the beginning of the lockdown (Pellegrini et al. 2020). Herein, we aimed to assess the influence of COVID‐19 on ophthalmological emergency department visits
Changing trends of ocular trauma in the time of COVID-19 pandemic
No full textTo reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), countries have promoted a range of unprecedented public health responses. These measures aim at reducing the final size of the epidemic as well as its peak in order to decrease the acute pressure on the health-care system [1]. In Italy, the government ordered people to stay home, restricting movements with the exception of work, urgent matters and health reasons. Furthermore, all commercial and productive activities, except those providing essential services, were obligated to remain closed [2].
Ocular trauma represents a serious public health problem and leading cause of visual impairment [3, 4]. The COVID-19 social distancing measures might have a significant impact on the risk of ocular trauma. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients presenting to an Italian ophthalmological emergency department (the Ophthalmology Unit of the S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital in Bologna) to identify all eye injuries. Data were analysed from 10th March 2020 (i.e. the day in which the quarantine measures were applied in our city) to 10th April 2020, and confronted with those of the same period of the previous year (from 10th March 2019 to 10th April 2019).
In the 2019 study period, there were 354 eye injuries (15.6% of all patients presenting to the emergency department). In the 2020 study period, eye injuries decreased to 112 (19.9% of all patients). The characteristics of eye injuries in the two study periods are reported in Table 1. During quarantine, the proportion of children and adolescents with eye injuries decreased (from 14.7% to 8.0%, Fig. 1a), while the proportion of males increased (from 66.7% to 75.0%, Fig. 1b). Regarding the mechanisms of injury, the percentage of falls and sport injuries had the highest decrease (respectively, from 6.5% to 0.9% and from 5.9% to 2.7%), while injuries during home activities and injuries with plants had the highest increase (respectively, from 12.4% to 17.0% and from 8.5% to 10.7%, Fig. 1c). The percentage of minor injuries with low risk of vision loss increased (from 93.2% to 94.6%), while major injuries requiring monitoring decreased (from 6.8% to 5.4%, Fig. 1d).
There was a striking 68.4% decrease in the number of eye injuries seen in our Unit during the last month. Behavioural changes during the quarantine could be associated with lower risk of trauma. The decreases of sport injuries and of injuries in children during school closure seem to support this hypothesis. However, the drop of patients seeking emergency care affected all injuries, including serious ones potentially associated with vision loss. We believe that some patients may intentionally avoid urgent care rather than risking coronavirus exposure at hospitals. Anecdotal reports suggest that this is also happening for life-threatening medical emergencies such as myocardial infarction and stroke [5, 6]. Since ocular trauma is a major cause of vision loss, the importance of not delaying or avoiding treatment should be stressed to all patients to prevent ocular morbidities
- …
